PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION, FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EMULGEL CONTAINING GINGER EXTRACT USING SIMPLE LATEX DESIGN APPROACH
Main Article Content
Keywords
Nanoemulgel, ginger extract, Simple Latex Design, evaluation, formulation, development
Abstract
In the current investigation, a nanoemulgel formulation of Ginger extract was developed and assessed utilizing the simple latex design (SLD) technique. The results of the quantitative phytochemical screening revealed that the extract has optimal amounts of several phytoconstituents, which may contribute to its potential pharmacological effects. The compound GME, when present at doses of 200 and 400 mg/mL, exhibited significant stabilizing effects on HRBC membranes. Specifically, the protection percentages observed were 22.34% and 29.78%, respectively. The comprehensive pre-formulation investigations, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) examinations, yielded essential findings about the physical and molecular properties of ginger extract. The investigation of the compatibility between excipients and the subsequent development of nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel have provided evidence of the potential to establish a reliable delivery method for ginger extract. The improved formulation, denoted as F5, demonstrated advantageous attributes including a mean particle size of 228.6 nm, a high zeta potential, and sustained release capabilities. The thorough assessment, including pH, viscosity, drug content, and stability evaluations, combined creates a strong basis for the development of a stable and efficacious ginger extract delivery system, which has promise for possible applications in therapeutic formulations. The optimized formulation will undergo in vivo anti-inflammatory studies.
References
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19. Nayeem, N., Imran, M., Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, S., Imam Rabbani, S., Ali Alanazi, F., Alamri, A. S., Alsanie, W. F., & Alhomrani, M. (2022). Total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and biological activities of stem extracts of Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. grown in Northern Border Province, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(3), 1277–1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.029
20. Nigam, R., & Arnold, R. (2018). Phytochemical Investigation and Quantitative Estimation of Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Tephrosia Purpurea Linn. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(5-s), 283–287.
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1974
21. Oyedemi, S. O., Oyedemi, B. O., Ijeh, I. I., Ohanyerem, P. E., Coopoosamy, R. M., & Aiyegoro, O. A. (2017). Alpha-Amylase Inhibition and Antioxidative Capacity of Some Antidiabetic Plants Used by the Traditional Healers in Southeastern Nigeria. Scientific World Journal, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3592491
22. Parvatikar, P., & Madagi, S. (2018). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and biological screening of Indigofera hochestetteri. ~ 503 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(3), 503–505. https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue3/PartH/7-3-15-850.pdf
23. Paseban, M., Niazmand, S., Soukhtanloo, M., & Meibodi, N. T. (2020). The preventive effect of Nigella sativa seed on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rat. Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology, 9(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.15171/JHP.2020.02
24. Patil, A., Meti, R., & Swapnil, C. R. (2020). Pharmaceutical analysis of drakshadi syrup-a polyherbal ayurvedic hematinic. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.005
25. Patil, A., Meti, R., & Swapnil, C. R. (2021). Pharmaceutical Analysis of Phalatrikadi Syrup – A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Hematinic Drug. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 271–277. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i42a32405
26. Ralte, L., Bhardwaj, U., & Singh, Y. T. (2021). Traditionally Used Edible Solanaceae Plants Of Mizoram, India Have High Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Potential For Effective Phytopharmaceutical And Nutraceutical Formulations. Heliyon, 7(9).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07907
27. Saleem, T. M., Azeem, A. K., Dilip, C., Sankar, C., Prasanth, N. V., & Duraisami, R. (2011). Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extacts of Gendarussa vulgaris Nees. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(2), 147–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60014-2
28. Sarraf, M., Sani, A. M., & Atash, M. M. S. (2017). Physicochemical, Organoleptic Characteristics and Image Analysis of the Doughnut Enriched with Oleaster Flour. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13021
29. Sharma, K., Yadav, M., & Attri, K. (2020). Pharmacognostic studies on methanolic extract of leaves of vitex negundo linn. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(3), 551–556. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.83
30. Sheikh, Z. A., Siddiqui, Z. A., Naveed, S., & Usmanghani, K. (2016). Quantitative Determination of Catechin as Chemical Marker in Pediatric Polyherbal Syrup by HPLC/DAD. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 54(8), 1324–1327.
https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmw078
31. Siddiqui, N., Rauf, A., Latif, A., & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Spectrophotometric determination of the total phenolic content, spectral and fluorescence study of the herbal Unani drug Gul-e-Zoofa (Nepeta bracteata Benth). Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 12(4), 360–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.11.006
32. Singh, M., Tamboli, E. T., Kamal, Y. T., Ahmad, W., Ansari, S. H., & Ahmad, S. (2015). Quality control and in vitro antioxidant potential of Coriandrum sativum Linn. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 7(4), 280–283. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.168026
33. Tiwari, V., Kumar, B. M. N., Sharma, V., & Gautam, D. N. S. (2017). Accelerated stability study and quantitative estimation of piperine in Draksharishta. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(2), 209–215.
34. Tsubanova, N., & Trutaieva, L. (2021). Antioxidant and anticytolytic action as the basis of the pancreo-plant® hepatoprotective effect in acute liver ischemia. Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie, 70(3), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.5817/CSF2021-3-100
https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00307
2. Basera, K. (2015). Nanoemulgel: a Novel Formulation Approach for Topical Deliverey of Hydrophobic Drugs. Basera et Al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(10), 1871–1886.
3. Chaudhari, R. N., Khan, S. L., Chaudhary, R. S., Jain, S. P., & Siddiqui, F. A. (2020). Β-Sitosterol: Isolation from Muntingia Calabura Linn Bark Extract, Structural Elucidation And Molecular Docking Studies As Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (COVID-19). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 13(5), 204–209.
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i5.37909
4. Do, T., Santi, I., & Reich, E. (2019). A harmonized HPTLC method for identification of various caffeine containing herbal drugs, extracts, and products, and quantitative estimation of their caffeine content. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 42(9–10), 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2019.1585612
5. Fajrin, F. A., Nugroho, A. E., Nurrochmad, A., & Susilowati, R. (2020). Ginger extract and its compound, 6-shogaol, attenuates painful diabetic neuropathy in mice via reducing TRPV1 and NMDAR2B expressions in the spinal cord. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112396
6. Hashimi, A., Siddiqui, A., Ahmed, Y., Siraj, M. B., & Khatoon, R. (2020). Quality Control and Phytochemical Validation of Saussurea lappa (Costus/Qust). International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 14(1), 38–43.
7. Hsiang, C. Y., Cheng, H. M., Lo, H. Y., Li, C. C., Chou, P. C., Lee, Y. C., & Ho, T. Y. (2015). Ginger and Zingerone Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice, Assessed by Nuclear Factor-κB Bioluminescent Imaging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(26), 6051–6058. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01801
8. Indrayanto, G. (2018). Recent development of quality control methods for herbal derived drug preparations. Natural Product Communications, 13(12), 1599–1606.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301208
9. Kalusalingam, A., Goindasami, N., & Khan, A. (2018). Total Phenolic, Tannin and Flavonoid Contents of Artocarpus Altilis Extracts. Asian Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Research, 6(1), 1–7.
10. Kamal, Y., Singh, M., Salam, S., & Ahamd, S. (2016). Standardization of Unani polyherbal formulation, Qurse-e-Hummaz: A comprehensive approach. Drug Development and Therapeutics, 7(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-6555.180161
11. Kausar, T., Anwar, S., Hanan, E., Yaseen, M., Aboelnaga, S. M. H., & Azad, Z. R. A. A. (2021). Therapeutic Role of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) - A Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i29b31584
12. Khandelwal K. R. (2005). Practical Pharmacognosy techniques and experiments. In NiraliPrakashan, Pune, India (20th ed.). Nirali Prakashan Pune,.
http://www.bookganga.com/R/5FYVG
13. Kumatia, E. K., Ofosu-Koranteng, F., Appiah, A. A., & Barimah, K. B. (2021). Standardization and Quality Control of the Herbal Medicine Mist Nibima, Employed to Treat Malaria and COVID-19, Using Physicochemical and Organoleptic Parameters and Quantification of Chemical Markers via UHPLC-MS/MS. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6390481
14. Kurian, A., George, S., & Thomas, B. (2021). A review on phytochemical characterization of kwatha–ayurvedic polyherbal formulation. Journal of Natural Remedies, 21(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2021/25730
15. Manik Sharma, Abid R, & Mehak Sajgotra. (2017). Phytochemical Screening and Thin Layer Chromatography of Ficus carica Leaves Extract. Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/5/i1/147022
16. Mao, Q. Q., Xu, X. Y., Cao, S. Y., Gan, R. Y., Corke, H., Beta, T., & Li, H. Bin. (2019). Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe). Foods, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8060185
17. Mukherjee, P K. (2002). Quality control herbal drugs: An approach to evaluation of botanicals. Business Horizons, New Delhi, 800.
18. Mukherjee, Pulok K. (2019). Qualitative Analysis for Evaluation of Herbal Drugs. In Quality Control and Evaluation of Herbal Drugs (pp. 79–149). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813374-3.00004-1
19. Nayeem, N., Imran, M., Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, S., Imam Rabbani, S., Ali Alanazi, F., Alamri, A. S., Alsanie, W. F., & Alhomrani, M. (2022). Total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and biological activities of stem extracts of Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. grown in Northern Border Province, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(3), 1277–1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.029
20. Nigam, R., & Arnold, R. (2018). Phytochemical Investigation and Quantitative Estimation of Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents of the Root, Stem and Leaves of Tephrosia Purpurea Linn. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(5-s), 283–287.
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1974
21. Oyedemi, S. O., Oyedemi, B. O., Ijeh, I. I., Ohanyerem, P. E., Coopoosamy, R. M., & Aiyegoro, O. A. (2017). Alpha-Amylase Inhibition and Antioxidative Capacity of Some Antidiabetic Plants Used by the Traditional Healers in Southeastern Nigeria. Scientific World Journal, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3592491
22. Parvatikar, P., & Madagi, S. (2018). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and biological screening of Indigofera hochestetteri. ~ 503 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(3), 503–505. https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue3/PartH/7-3-15-850.pdf
23. Paseban, M., Niazmand, S., Soukhtanloo, M., & Meibodi, N. T. (2020). The preventive effect of Nigella sativa seed on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rat. Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology, 9(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.15171/JHP.2020.02
24. Patil, A., Meti, R., & Swapnil, C. R. (2020). Pharmaceutical analysis of drakshadi syrup-a polyherbal ayurvedic hematinic. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.005
25. Patil, A., Meti, R., & Swapnil, C. R. (2021). Pharmaceutical Analysis of Phalatrikadi Syrup – A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Hematinic Drug. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 271–277. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i42a32405
26. Ralte, L., Bhardwaj, U., & Singh, Y. T. (2021). Traditionally Used Edible Solanaceae Plants Of Mizoram, India Have High Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Potential For Effective Phytopharmaceutical And Nutraceutical Formulations. Heliyon, 7(9).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07907
27. Saleem, T. M., Azeem, A. K., Dilip, C., Sankar, C., Prasanth, N. V., & Duraisami, R. (2011). Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extacts of Gendarussa vulgaris Nees. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(2), 147–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60014-2
28. Sarraf, M., Sani, A. M., & Atash, M. M. S. (2017). Physicochemical, Organoleptic Characteristics and Image Analysis of the Doughnut Enriched with Oleaster Flour. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13021
29. Sharma, K., Yadav, M., & Attri, K. (2020). Pharmacognostic studies on methanolic extract of leaves of vitex negundo linn. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(3), 551–556. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.83
30. Sheikh, Z. A., Siddiqui, Z. A., Naveed, S., & Usmanghani, K. (2016). Quantitative Determination of Catechin as Chemical Marker in Pediatric Polyherbal Syrup by HPLC/DAD. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 54(8), 1324–1327.
https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmw078
31. Siddiqui, N., Rauf, A., Latif, A., & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Spectrophotometric determination of the total phenolic content, spectral and fluorescence study of the herbal Unani drug Gul-e-Zoofa (Nepeta bracteata Benth). Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 12(4), 360–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.11.006
32. Singh, M., Tamboli, E. T., Kamal, Y. T., Ahmad, W., Ansari, S. H., & Ahmad, S. (2015). Quality control and in vitro antioxidant potential of Coriandrum sativum Linn. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 7(4), 280–283. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.168026
33. Tiwari, V., Kumar, B. M. N., Sharma, V., & Gautam, D. N. S. (2017). Accelerated stability study and quantitative estimation of piperine in Draksharishta. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(2), 209–215.
34. Tsubanova, N., & Trutaieva, L. (2021). Antioxidant and anticytolytic action as the basis of the pancreo-plant® hepatoprotective effect in acute liver ischemia. Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie, 70(3), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.5817/CSF2021-3-100
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Dec 10, 2021
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Archana G. L, K. Srisailam, & M. Nagulu. (2021). PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION, FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EMULGEL CONTAINING GINGER EXTRACT USING SIMPLE LATEX DESIGN APPROACH. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 28(2), 198–222. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v28i2.3598
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Author Biographies
Archana G. L
Department of Pharmacy, Satavahana University, Karimnagar
K. Srisailam
Department of Pharmacy, Satavahana University, Karimnagar
M. Nagulu
Swami Ramananda Tirtha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nalgonda