IMPACT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN ELDERLY (≥80 YEARS) PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Main Article Content

Muhammad Wajahat Jan
Muhammad Younis
Ammar Alam Shah
Tahir Hussain Soomro
Ahmad Bin Zaheer
Swetha Sakthivel

Keywords

Acute coronary syndrome, Elderly patients, percutaneous coronary intervention, acute kidney injury

Abstract

Background and Aim: Chronic renal disease is commonly found in individuals hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome, and its frequency rises drastically with advancement of age. The increasing rate of mortality in chronic kidney disease is primarily caused by cardiovascular disease. Acute kidney injury has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. There is a scarcity of data on AKI after PCI in older individuals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the impact of AKI in elderly patients (≥80 years) undergoing PCI.


Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 350 patients undergoing PCI at Cardiology Department of Lady Reading Hospital, MTI Peshawar from February 2022 to February 2023. All the ACS diagnosed patients aged 80 years undergoing PCI were enrolled. Patient’s clinical and procedural details were recorded comprised of different variables and outcomes. Non-fatal myocardial infarction, disabling stroke, cardiovascular mortality, re-hospitalization for cardiovascular causes, and bleeding types were recorded. For renal assessment, Serum creatinine levels were carefully evaluated during the index hospitalization. Patients were distributed into mild, moderate, and severe renal dysfunction based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR). The increase of 0.3 mg/dl in serum creatinine from baseline was considered as AKI.


Results: Out of 350 ACS patients, there were 156 (44.6%) female and 194 (55.4%) male. Based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR), the incidence of mild, moderate, and severe renal dysfunction was 85 (24.3%), 54.3% (n=190), and 21.4% (n=75) respectively. The composite ischemia endpoint rate increased with reduction in e-GFR and renal dysfunction from 8.6% to 14.5% and 25.8% in mild, moderate, and severe AKI, respectively.  Furthermore, individuals with renal impairment had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization owing to cardiovascular reasons (6.3%, 9.4%, and 15.9%, respectively). On the other hand, no substantial association and variation between groups in terms of recurrent non-fatal MI (5.8%, 6.2%, and 9.2), debilitating stroke (0.3%, 0.8%, and 1.6%), and hospital bleeding (1.2%, 0.9%, 2.1%) in mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment.


Conclusion: The present study found that Elderly patients (≥80 years) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) exhibit a higher mortality rate, primarily attributable to baseline renal dysfunction. Renal impairment is a prevalent condition in older ACS patients who undergo PCI during their initial hospitalization, and it serves as a standalone predictor of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality within one year.

Abstract 374 | Pdf Downloads 59

References

1. Leistner DM, Münch C, Steiner J, et al. Impact of acute kidney injury in elderly (≥80 years) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. J Interv Cardiol. 2018;1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/joic.12547.
2. Centola M, Lucreziotti S, Salerno-Uriarte D, et al. A comparison between two different definitions of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol. 2016; 210:4–9.
3. Margolis G, Gal-Oz A, Letourneau-Shesaf S, Khoury S, Keren G, Shacham Y. Acute kidney injury based on the KDIGO criteria among ST elevation myocardial infarction patients treated by primary percutaneous intervention. J Nephrol. 2018; 31:423–428.
4. Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: task force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the european society of cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2016; 37:267–315.
5. Schoenenberger AW, Radovanovic D, Windecker S, et al. Temporal trends in the treatment and outcomes of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37:1304–1311.
6. Sandhu K, Nadar SK. Percutaneous coronary intervention in the elderly. Int J Cardiol. 2015; 199:342–355.
7. Savonitto S, Morici N, Franco N, et al. Age at menopause, extent of coronary artery disease and outcome among postmenopausal women with acute coronary syndromes. Int J Cardiol 2018; 259: 8–13.
8. Melloni C, Cornel JH, Hafley G, et al. Impact of chronic kidney disease on long-term ischemic and bleeding outcomes in medically managed patients with acute coronary syndromes: Insights from the TRILOGY ACS Trial. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2016; 5: 443–454.
9. Rossignol P, Agarwal R, Canaud B, et al. Cardiovascular outcome trials in patients with chronic kidney disease: challenges associated with selection of patients and endpoints. Eur Heart J 2019; 40: 880–886.
10. Savonitto S, Ferri LA, Piatti L, et al. Comparison of reduced-dose prasugrel and standard-dose clopidogrel in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early percutaneous revascularization. Circulation 2018; 137: 2435–2445.
11. Schmucker J, Fach A, Becker M, et al. Predictors of acute kidney injury in patients admitted with ST-elevation myocardial infarction – results from the Bremen STEMI-Registry. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2018; 7: 710–722.
12. Almendarez M, Gurm HS, Mariani J Jr., et al. Procedural strategies to reduce the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury during percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12: 1877–1888.
13. Urban P, Mehran R, Colleran R, et al. Defining high bleeding risk in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a consensus document from the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk. Eur Heart J 2019; 40: 2632–2653.
14. Bagai A, Lu D, Lucas J, et al. Temporal trends in utilization of cardiac therapies and outcomes for myocardial infarction by degree of chronic kidney disease: a report from the NCDR Chest Pain–MI Registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7: e010394.
15. Varenne O, Cook S, Sideris G, et al. Drug-eluting stents in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (SENIOR): a randomised single-blind trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 41–50.
16. Morici N, Savonitto S, Ferri LA, et al. Outcomes of elderly patients with ST-elevation or non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Med 2019; 132: 209–216.
17. De Rosa R, Morici N, De Servi S, De Luca G, Galasso G, Piscione F, Ferri LA, Piatti L, Grosseto D, Tortorella G, Franco N. Impact of renal dysfunction and acute kidney injury on outcome in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2021 Dec 1;10(10):1160-9.
18. Yang Y, George KC, Luo R, Cheng Y, Shang W, Ge S, Xu G. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and adverse clinical outcomes risk in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. BMC nephrology. 2018 Dec; 19:1-0.
19. Park SH, Jeong MH, Park IH, Choi JS, Rhee JA, Kim IS, Kim MC, Cho JY, Sim DS, Hong YJ, et al. Effects of combination therapy of statin and N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol. 2016; 212:100–6.
20. Narula A, Mehran R, Weisz G, Dangas GD, Yu J, Genereux P, Nikolsky E, Brener SJ, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, et al. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the HORIZONS-AMI substudy. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(23):1533–40.
21. Nakahashi H, Kosuge M, Sakamaki K, Kiyokuni M, Ebina T, Hibi K, Tsukahara K, Iwahashi N, Kuji S, Oba MS, et al. Combined impact of chronic kidney disease and contrast-induced nephropathy on long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart vessels. 2017;32(1):22–9.
22. Park SD, Moon J, Kwon SW, Suh YJ, Kim TH, Jang HJ, Suh J, Park HW, Oh PC, Shin SH, et al. Prognostic impact of combined contrast-induced Acute kidney injury and hypoxic liver injury in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous Coronary intervention: results from INTERSTELLAR registry. PLoS One. 2016;11(7): e0159416.
23. Kuboyama O, Tokunaga T. The prevalence and prognosis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury according to the definition in patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Trials Regul Sci Cardiol. 2016; 13:29–33.
24. Centola M, Lucreziotti S, Salerno-Uriarte D, Sponzilli C, Ferrante G, Acquaviva R, Castini D, Spina M, Lombardi F, Cozzolino M, et al. A comparison between two different definitions of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol. 2016; 210:4–9.
25. Farhan S, Vogel B, Tentzeris I, Jarai R, Freynhofer MK, Smetana P, Egger F, Kautzky-Willer A, Huber K. Contrast induced acute kidney injury in acute coronary syndrome patients: a single Centre experience. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2016;5(1):55–61.
26. Watabe H, Sato A, Hoshi T, Takeyasu N, Abe D, Akiyama D, Kakefuda Y, Nishina H, Noguchi Y, Aonuma K. Association of contrast-induced acute kidney injury with long-term cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing emergent percutaneous coronary intervention. International journal of cardiology. 2014 Jun 1;174(1):57-63.
27. Tsai TT, Patel UD, Chang TI, Kennedy KF, Masoudi FA, Matheny ME, Kosiborod M, Amin AP, Messenger JC, Rumsfeld JS, Spertus JA. Contemporary incidence, predictors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: insights from the NCDR Cath-PCI registry. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2014 Jan;7(1):1-9.
28. Murat SN, Kurtul A, Yarlioglues M. Impact of serum albumin levels on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Angiology. 2015 Sep;66(8):732-7.
29. Liang J, Zhang L, Huang Z, He Y, Ling Y, Chen K, Ying M, Lin M, Li G, Liu J, Liu Y. Implications of Malnutrition on Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Young and Old Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022 Feb 8;8: 795068.

Most read articles by the same author(s)