NOVEL APPROACHES IN OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Ophthalmic drug delivery, Eye diseases, Ocular barriers, Novel drug delivery system, Posterior and anterior segment
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery has consistently posed a challenge for ophthalmologists and drug-delivery experts. Many eye conditions require prolonged and frequent drug treatments, but the effectiveness of topical drugs is often limited to less than 5% due to natural barriers in the eye. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer promising solutions. Novel ocular drug delivery systems encompass innovative approaches such as nanomicelles, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, drug-eluting contact lenses, ocular inserts, and specialized ocular devices. These systems are designed to prolong drug residence on the ocular surface and enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic agents, thereby improving the effectiveness of treatment. This comprehensive review explores the latest developments in novel ophthalmic drug delivery systems and strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes, patient compliance, and minimize side effects. We highlight the potential of these technologies to enhance drug bioavailability, prolong drug release, and target specific ocular tissues, offering promising solutions for various eye conditions. This review thoroughly examines the evolving landscape of ophthalmic drug delivery, offering insights into the future of ocular therapeutics
References
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3. Bucolo C, Maltese A, Drago F. When nanotechnology meets the ocular surface. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2008;3:325–32.
4. Ideta R, Tasaka F, Jang WD, Nishiyama N, Zhang GD, Harada A, et al. Nanotechnology-based photodynamic therapy for neovascular disease using a supramolecular nanocarrier loaded with a dendritic photosensitizer. Nano Lett 2005;5:2426–31.
5. Todd TW, Beecher H, Williams GH, Todd AW. The weight and growth of the human eyeball. Hum Biol 1940;12:1–20.
6. Dingeldein SA, Klyce SD. The topography of normal corneas. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:512–8.
7. Klyce SD, Beuerman RW. Structure and function of the cornea. In: Kaufman HE, Barron BA, McDonald MB, Waltman SR, editors. The cornea. New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc; 1988. p. 3–54.
8. Prausnitz MR, Noonan JS. Permeability of cornea, sclera, and conjunctiva: a literature analysis for drug delivery to the eye. J Pharm Sci 1998;87:1479–88.
9. Yi X, Wang Y, Yu FS. Corneal epithelial tight junctions and their response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:4093–100.
10. Jue B, Maurice DM. The mechanical properties of the rabbit and human cornea. J Biomech 1986;19:847–53.
11. Onugwu AL, Nwagwu CS, Onugwu OS, Echezona AC, Agbo CP, Ihim SA, Emeh P, Nnamani PO, Attama AA, Khutoryanskiy VV. Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of anterior segment eye diseases. Journal of Controlled Release. 2023 Feb 1;354:465-88.
12. Bhattacharjee A, Das PJ, Adhikari P, Marbaniang D, Pal P, Ray S, Mazumder B. Novel drug delivery systems for ocular therapy: With special reference to liposomal ocular delivery. European journal of ophthalmology. 2019 Jan;29(1):113-26.
13. Singh M, Bharadwaj S, Lee KE, Kang SG. Therapeutic nanoemulsions in ophthalmic drug administration: concept in formulations and characterization techniques for ocular drug delivery. J Control Release. 2020;328:895-916.
14. Patel A, Cholkar K, Agrahari V, Mitra AK. Ocular drug delivery systems: An overview. World journal of pharmacology. 2013;2(2):47.
15. R. Gaudana, H.K. Ananthula, A. Parenky, A.K. Mitra, Ocular drug delivery, The AAPS journal, 12 (2010) 348-360
16. Ananthula HK, Vaishya RD, Barot M, Mitra AK. Duane's Ophthalmology. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, editors. Bioavailability. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
17. Patel P, Shastri D, Shelat P, Shukla A. Ophthalmic drug delivery system: challenges and approaches. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2010 Jul 1;1(2):113.
18. Morrow GL, Abbott RL. Conjunctivitis. American family physician. 1998 Feb 15;57(4):735-46.
19. Moore DL, MacDonald NE, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee. Preventing ophthalmia neonatorum. Paediatrics & child health. 2015 Mar 6;20(2):93-6.
20. Hu V, Caswell R, Last A, Burton M, Mabey D. Trachoma and Inclusion conjunctivitis. InHunter's tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases 2020 Jan 1 (pp. 421-428). Elsevier.
21. Azari AA, Barney NP. Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment. Jama. 2013 Oct 23;310(16):1721-30.
22. Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, Caffery B, Dua HS, Joo CK, Liu Z, Nelson JD, Nichols JJ, Tsubota K, Stapleton F. TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report. The ocular surface. 2017 Jul 1;15(3):276-83.
23. Roda M, Corazza I, Bacchi Reggiani ML, Pellegrini M, Taroni L, Giannaccare G, Versura P. Dry eye disease and tear cytokine levels—a meta-analysis. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020 Apr 28;21(9):3111.
24. Sharma S. Keratitis. Bioscience Reports. 2001 Aug;21:419-44.
25. Ting DS, Cairns J, Gopal BP, Ho CS, Krstic L, Elsahn A, Lister M, Said DG, Dua HS. Risk factors, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of bacterial keratitis: the Nottingham Infectious Keratitis Study. Frontiers in Medicine. 2021 Aug 11;8:715118.
26. Garg P, Venuganti VV, Roy A, Roy G. Novel drug delivery methods for the treatment of keratitis: moving away from surgical intervention. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2019 Dec 2;16(12):1381-91.
27. Steinmetz JD, Bourne RR, Briant PS, Flaxman SR, Taylor HR, Jonas JB, Abdoli AA, Abrha WA, Abualhasan A, Abu-Gharbieh EG, Adal TG. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet Global Health. 2021 Feb 1;9(2):e144-60.
28. Stein JD. Serious adverse events after cataract surgery. Current opinion in ophthalmology. 2012 May;23(3):219.
29. Delgado MF, Abdelrahman AM, Terahi M, Miro Quesada Woll JJ, Gil-Carrasco F, Cook C, Benharbit M, Boisseau S, Chung E, Hadjiat Y, Gomes JA. Management of glaucoma in developing countries: challenges and opportunities for improvement. ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research. 2019 Sep 27:591-604.
30. Schuster AK, Erb C, Hoffmann EM, Dietlein T, Pfeiffer N. The diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2020 Mar;117(13):225.
31. Gad SC, editor. Pharmaceutical manufacturing handbook: production and processes. John Wiley & Sons; 2008 Mar 17.
32. Van Ooteghem MMM. Formulation of ophthalmic solutions and suspensions. Problems and Advantages. In: Edman P (ed) Biopharmaceutics of ocular drug delivery. CRC Press, Boca Raton; 1993.
33. Ludwig A, Van Ooteghem M. The influence of the osmolality on the precorneal retention of ophthalmic solutions. Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique. 1987 Jul 1;42(4):259-66.
34. Lang JC. Ocular drug delivery conventional ocular formulations. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 1995 Aug 1;16(1):39-43.
35. Rai M, Ingle AP, Gaikwad S, Padovani FH, Alves M. The role of nanotechnology in control of human diseases: perspectives in ocular surface diseases. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2016 Sep 2;36(5):777-87.
36. Weng Y, Liu J, Jin S, Guo W, Liang X, Hu Z. Nanotechnology-based strategies for treatment of ocular disease. Acta pharmaceutica sinica B. 2017 May 1;7(3):281-91.
37. Wadhwa S, Paliwal R, Paliwal SR, Vyas SP. Nanocarriers in ocular drug delivery: an update review. Current pharmaceutical design. 2009 Aug 1;15(23):2724-50.
38. Hamidi M, Azadi A, Rafiei P (2008) Hydrogel nanoparticles in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60(15):1638–1649.
39. Vasir JK, Reddy MK, Labhasetwar V (2005) Nanosystems in drug targeting: opportunities and challenges. Curr Nanosci 1:47–64.
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Jan 16, 2023
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Reena Tyagi, Vijay Bhalla, & Prantika Mondal. (2023). NOVEL APPROACHES IN OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(1), 604–621. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i1.2957
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Author Biographies
Reena Tyagi
Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
Vijay Bhalla
Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Prantika Mondal
Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.