LIPIDOMIC ANALYSIS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH- A DETAILED STUDY ON THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS

Main Article Content

Dr Muhammad Shahbaz
Dr Muhammad Amir
Dr Sabeen Islam
Dr Asnad

Keywords

BMI, HDL, RCT, Omega-3, Fatty Acids, CVD, Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular health stands as a paramount concern in contemporary medicine and public health. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their associated risk factors continue to pose a substantial burden on global healthcare systems and overall well-being.


Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to find the lipidomic analysis of omega-3 fatty acids and its implications for cardiovascular health as a detailed study on the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids.


 Material and methods: This Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted in Mohtarma Benazir Bhutoo Shaheed Medical College Mirpur AJK from January 2023 to June 2023. A total of 220 adult participants was added in the study. Data collection in this randomized controlled trial (RCT) involves a comprehensive and systematic approach to gather a wide range of information essential for assessing the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular health.


Results: The study included 220 adult participants, evenly distributed between the treatment (omega-3 supplementation) and control (placebo) groups, with an average age of 50 years and a balanced gender distribution. Approximately 60% of participants in both groups had a history of hypertension at baseline. Elevated cholesterol levels (LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dL) were observed in 45% of participants in both groups. About 30% of participants had a family history of cardiovascular diseases. 20% of participants in both groups reported a history of smoking. The average BMI was 28 kg/m², indicating a generally overweight population.


Conclusion: It is concluded that this study provides valuable insights into the potential cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, including reductions in blood pressure, favorable lipidomic changes, and shifts towards an anti-inflammatory state.

Abstract 199 | pdf Downloads 60

References

1. Cartolano FC, Dias GD, Miyamoto S, Damasceno NRT. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein in Individuals With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized, Parallel, Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Front Nutr. 2022 Feb 23;8:767535. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.767535. PMID: 35281761; PMCID: PMC8905646.
2. Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. Extreme high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is paradoxically associated with high mortality in men and women: two prospective cohort studies. Eur Heart J. (2017) 32:2478–86. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx163
3. Lombardi M, Chiabrando JG, Vescovo GM, Bressi E, Del Buono MG, Carbone S, et al.. Impact of different doses of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes: a pairwise and network meta-analysis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. (2020) 22:45. 10.1007/s11883-020-00865-5
4. Hu Y, Hu FB, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 supplementation and cardiovascular disease: an updated meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials involving 127 477 participants. J Am Heart Assoc. (2019) 8:19. 10.1161/JAHA.119.013543
5. Rizos EC, Markozannes G, Tsapas A, Mantzoros CS, Ntzani EE. Omega-3 supplementation and cardiovascular disease: formulation-based systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Heart. (2021) 107:150–8. 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316780
6. Handelsman Y, Shapiro MD. Triglycerides, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular outcome studies: focus on omega-3 fatty acids. Endocr Pract. (2017) 23:100–12. 10.4158/EP161445.RA
7. Abdelhamid AS, Brown TJ, Brainard JS, Biswas P, Thorpe GC, Moore HJ, et al.. Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (2020) 3:CD003177. 10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub5
8. Raposo HF, Patrício PR, Simões MC, Oliveira HCF. Fibrates and fish oil, but not corn oil, up-regulate the expression of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene. J Nutr Biochem. (2014) 25:669–74. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.008
9. Laurinavicius AG, Santos IS, Santos RD, Bensenor IM, Conceição RD, Lotufo PA. Extremely elevated HDL-cholesterol levels are not associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness: data from ELSA Brasil. J Clin Lipidol. (2016) 10:898–904. 10.1016/j.jacl.2016 .03.007
10. Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Antiatherogenic function of HDL particle subpopulations: focus on antioxidative activities. Curr Opin Lipidol. (2010) 21:312–8. 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32833bc dc1
11. Allaire J, Couture P, Leclerc M, Charest A, Marin J, Lépine MC, et al.. A randomized, crossover, head-to-head comparison of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation to reduce inflammation markers in men and women: the comparing EPA to DHA (ComparED) study. Am J Clin Nutr. (2016) 104:280–7. 10.3945/ajcn.116.131896
12. Jun M, Foote C, Lv J, Neal B, Patel A, Nicholls SJ, Grobbee DE, Cass A, Chalmers J, Perkovic V. Effects of fibrates on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010; 375:1875–1884.
13. Rischio and Prevenzione Investigators. Efficacy of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and feasibility of optimizing preventive strategies in patients at high cardiovascular risk: rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the Rischio and Prevenzione study, a large randomised trial in general practice. Trials. 2010; 11:68.
14. Wei MY, Jacobson TA. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. (2011) 13:474–83. 10.1007/s11883-011-0210-3
15. Augustine AH, Lowenstein LM, Harris WS, Shearer GC, Block RC. Treatment with omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-ester alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. (2014) 90:69–75. 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.003
16. Kontush A, Lindahl M, Lhomme M, Calabresi L, Chapman MJ, Davidson WS. Structure of HDL: particle subclasses and molecular components. Handb Exp Pharmacol. (2015) 224:3–51. 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_1