Isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli and S. aureus from urinary tract infections in Dohuk city, Iraq

Main Article Content

Yaser A. Abduljabar
Haveen Khalid Hasan

Keywords

Urinary tract infection, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Antibiotic resistance

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent infections that frequently occur in the human population. They are characterized as infections, typically caused by bacteria that can develop in any part of the urinary system. The objectives of this study were to identify and isolate S. aureus and E. coli strains that colonize patients with urinary tract infections in Duhok city, Iraq.
Methods: A total of 300 urine samples were obtained from individuals displaying indications and symptoms of urinary tract infections. The bacteria present in the samples were isolated and identified using traditional biochemical analysis. The Kirby-Bauer method was employed to assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli and S. aureus against various antibiotics.
Result: Among 300 patients the prevalence of gram positive was 53.32 while gram negative 20.65 and prevalence of negative samples was 25.99 among them positive for S. aureus 34/300 (11.33%), 32/300 E. coli (10.66%). Staphylococcus aureus was totally 100% resistant to Vancomycin and Rifampin, and the lowest rate was found with Imipenem 11.77%. E. coli highest rate was seen also with 100% resistant to Vancomycin and Rifampin, and the lowest resistance was seen with meropenem and Imipenem 12.5% and 31.25% respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study found that gram-positive bacteria are more commonly responsible for urinary tract infections than gram-negative bacteria. There is a slight ratio between staphylococcus aureus and E. coli infections that affected the patients.

Abstract 747 | pdf Downloads 352

References

1. Anger, J., Lee, U., Ackerman, A. L., Chou, R., Chughtai, B., Clemens, J. Q., . . . Kaufman, M. R. J. T. J. o. u. (2019). Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA/CUA/SUFU guideline. 202(2), 282-289.
2. Czajkowski, K., Broś-Konopielko, M., & Teliga-Czajkowska, J. J. M. R. P. M. (2021). Urinary tract infection in women. 20(1), 40-47.
3. Despotovic, A., Milosevic, B., Milosevic, I., Mitrovic, N., Cirkovic, A., Jovanovic, S., & Stevanovic, G. J. A. j. o. i. c. (2020). Hospital-acquired infections in the adult intensive care unit—Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and risk factors for acquisition and mortality. 48(10), 1211-1215.
4. Flores-Mireles, A. L., Walker, J. N., Caparon, M., & Hultgren, S. J. J. N. r. m. (2015). Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. 13(5), 269-284.
5. Fukunaga, B. T., Sumida, W. K., Taira, D. A., Davis, J. W., Seto, T. B. J. H. i. J. o. M., & Health, P. (2016). Hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia related to medicare antibiotic prescriptions: A state-level analysis. 75(10), 303.
6. Gharbi, M., Drysdale, J. H., Lishman, H., Goudie, R., Molokhia, M., Johnson, A. P., . . . Aylin, P. J. b. (2019). Antibiotic management of urinary tract infection in elderly patients in primary care and its association with bloodstream infections and all cause mortality: population based cohort study. 364.
7. Ibrahim, H. K., Mohammed, A. A., & Omar, O. A. J. V., Issue. (2018). Effects of Antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin–Augmentin–Gentamicin–Norfloxacin–Ampicillin) which are used for Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Female Patients. 10.
8. Lee, D. S., Lee, S.-J., & Choe, H.-S. J. B. r. i. (2018). Community-acquired urinary tract infection by Escherichia coli in the era of antibiotic resistance. 2018.
9. Mkhize, S., Amoako, D. G., Shobo, C. O., Zishiri, O. T., & Bester, L. A. J. I. J. o. M. (2021). Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterizations of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Frequently Touched Sites from Public Hospitals in South Africa. 2021.
10. Motse, D. F. K., Ngaba, G. P., Foko, L. P. K., Ebongue, C. O., Adiogo, D. D. J. A. J. o. C. M., & Infection. (2019). Etiologic profile and sensitivity pattern of germs responsible for urinary tract infection among under-five children in Douala, Cameroon: a Hospital-Based Study. 6(2), 49-56.
11. Mou, T., Brown, O., Hua, Y., Simon, M., Dong, X., Kenton, K., & Bretschneider, C. E. J. A. J. o. U. (2021). Gender differences of lower urinary tract symptoms in older Chinese Americans.
12. Nauclér, P., Huttner, A., Van Werkhoven, C., Singer, M., Tattevin, P., Einav, S., . . . Infection. (2021). Impact of time to antibiotic therapy on clinical outcome in patients with bacterial infections in the emergency department:
implications for antimicrobial stewardship. 27(2), 175-181.
13. Nelwan, E. J., Andayani, D., Clarissa, G., & Pramada, T. J. C. (2021). Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection post-liposuction in South Korea. 13(4).
14. Sakr, A., Brégeon, F., Mège, J.-L., Rolain, J.-M., & Blin, O. J. F. i. m. (2018). Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization: an update on mechanisms, epidemiology, risk factors, and subsequent infections. 9, 2419.
15. Seifu, W. D., & Gebissa, A. D. J. B. i. d. (2018). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Uropathogens from cases of urinary tract infections (UTI) in Shashemene referral hospital, Ethiopia. 18, 1-9.
16. Selim, S., Faried, O. A., Almuhayawi, M. S., Saleh, F. M., Sharaf, M., El Nahhas, N., & Warrad, M. J. A. (2022). Incidence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients with urinary tract infections. 11(3), 408.
17. Shah, P. S., Cannon, J. P., Sullivan, C. L., Nemchausky, B., & Pachucki, C. T. J. A. j. o. h.-s. p. (2005). Controlling antimicrobial use and decreasing microbiological laboratory tests for urinary tract infections in spinal-cord-injury patients with chronic indwelling catheters. 62(1), 74-77.
18. Shrank, W. H., Rogstad, T. L., & Parekh, N. J. J. (2019). Waste in the US health care system: estimated costs and potential for savings. 322(15), 1501-1509.
19. Xiao, Y.-H., Giske, C. G., Wei, Z.-Q., Shen, P., Heddini, A., & Li, L.-J. J. D. r. u. (2011). Epidemiology and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in China. 14(4-5), 236-250.