Empowerment Model of Pregnant Women in Stunting Prevention Efforts
Main Article Content
Keywords
Empowerment, Perception, Behavior, Pregnant Women, Stunting
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of empowerment and perceptions on the behavior of pregnant women and to formulate a model for empowering pregnant women in an effort to prevent stunting. The explanatory survey descriptive research method was quantitative in nature. The samples were pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of 220 respondents. The instrument used a questionnaire with a Likert scale, tested content validity on 12 experts, used CVI (Content Validity Index) Aiken's V and reliability with Cronbach Aplha. How to take samples with proportional random sampling. Analysis conducted with multiple linear regression tests by using the Lisrel program SEM analysis. The results showed that the empowerment of pregnant women was in the good category (40.9), the perception of the category was quite good (14.5), the behavior was in the good enough category (39.5). Model fit with Chi-Square=1.20, RMSEA= 0.040, p-value= 0.070, NFI=0.96, NNFI=0.92, PNFI=0.93, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.94, PGFI=0.94. Empowerment has a significant positive effect on behavior t value 4.39 and contributes 46%. Perception has a significant positive effect on behavior t value 4.03 and contributes 42%. Conclusion empowerment has a significant positive effect on behavior. Perception has a significant positive effect on the behavior of pregnant women. Empowerment models for pregnant women can be recommended as a solution to prevent stunting.
References
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17. Ali A. Current Status of Malnutrition and Stunting in Pakistani Children: What Needs to Be Done? J Am Coll Nutr [Internet]. 2021 Feb 17;40(2):180–92. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07315724.2020.1750504
18. Walrod J, Seccareccia E, Sarmiento I, Pimentel JP, Misra S, Morales J, et al. Community factors associated with stunting, overweight and food insecurity: a community-based mixed-method study in four Andean indigenous communities in Ecuador. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2018 Jul 6;8(7):e020760. Available from: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020760
19. Mikrajab MA, Rachmawati T. Policy Analysis of Integrated Antenatal Care implementation at Public Health Centers in Blitar City. Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1;19(1):41–53. Available from: http://ejournal.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/hsr/article/view/4988
20. Berhan Y, Berhan A. Antenatal Care as a Means of Increasing Birth in the Health Facility and Reducing Maternal Mortality: A Systematic Review. Ethiop J Health Sci [Internet]. 2014 Sep 12;24:93. Available from: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejhs/article/view/107636
21. Heryanto H, Martha E. Kajian Faktor Penyebab Dan Intervensi Gizi Spesifik Untuk Pencegahan Stunting Di Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Jukema (Jurnal Kesehat Masy Aceh). 2019;5(2).
22. Serçekuş P, Başkale H. Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment. Midwifery [Internet]. 2016 Mar;34:166–72. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266613815003228
23. Simbolon D, Rahmadi A, Jumiyati J. Pengaruh Pendampingan Gizi terhadap Perubahan Perilaku Pemenuhan Gizi Ibu Hamil Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK). J Kesehat [Internet]. 2019 Sep 13;10(2):269. Available from: http://ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/1366
24. Siregar NY, Kias CF, Nurfatimah N, Noya F, Longgupa LW, Entoh C, et al. Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III dalam Menghadapi Persalinan. J Bidan Cerdas [Internet]. 2021 Mar 7;3(1):18–24. Available from: http://jurnal.poltekkespalu.ac.id/index.php/JBC/article/view/131
25. Nasution AS, Nasution A. Puzzle Gizi sebagai Upaya Promosi terhadap Perilaku Gizi Seimbang pada Siswa. Media Kesehat Masy Indones [Internet]. 2020 Mar 31;16(1):89. Available from: http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/8606
26. Rizawati. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Dalam Mengkonsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah. Hum Care J. 2022 May 24;7(2):382–94.
27. Putri NR, Amalia R, Kusmawati II. Kelas Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kesehatan Psikologis Ibu Hamil dan Persiapan Persalinan: Systematic Review. Indones J Midwifery [Internet]. 2022 Mar 4;5(1):29. Available from: http://jurnal.unw.ac.id:1254/index.php/ijm/article/view/1427
28. Fernández Fernández-Arroyo M. Childbirth Education: Comparative Analysis. In: Childbirth [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2020. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/childbirth/childbirth-education-comparative-analysis
29. Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Axelsson E. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Health Anxiety. In: The Clinician’s Guide to Treating Health Anxiety [Internet]. Elsevier; 2019. p. 79–122. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128118061000068
30. Andriani Y, Respati SH, Astirin OP. Effectiveness of Pregnant Woman Class in The Prevention of Pregnancy Anemia in Banyuwangi, East Java. J Matern Child Heal [Internet]. 2016;01(04):230–41. Available from: http://www.thejmch.com/index.php?journal=thejmch&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=33&path%5B%5D=39
31. Candarmaweni, Rahayu AYS. Tantangan Pencegahan Stunting Pada Era Adaptasi Baru “New Normal” Melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Pandeglang. J Kebijak Kesehat Indones JKKI [Internet]. 2020;9(3):136–46. Available from: https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jkki/article/view/57781
32. Cornwall A. Women’s Empowerment: What Works? J Int Dev [Internet]. 2016 Apr 28;28(3):342–59. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.3210
33. Laili U, Andriani RAD. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pencegahan Stunting. J Pengabdi Masy IPTEKS [Internet]. 2019 Jun 29;5(1):8. Available from: http://jurnal.unmuhjember.ac.id/index.php/PENGABDIAN_IPTEKS/article/view/2154
34. Mekonnen AG, Odo DB, Nigatu D, Sav A, Abagero KK. Women’s empowerment and child growth faltering in Ethiopia: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Womens Health [Internet]. 2021 Dec 30;21(1):42. Available from: https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-021-01183-x
2. Foster C, Shilton T, Westerman L, Varney J, Bull F. World Health Organisation to develop global action plan to promote physical activity: time for action. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. 2018 Apr;52(8):484–5. Available from: https://bjsm.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098070
3. Lee BX, Kjaerulf F, Turner S, Cohen L, Donnelly PD, Muggah R, et al. Transforming Our World: Implementing the 2030 Agenda Through Sustainable Development Goal Indicators. J Public Health Policy [Internet]. 2016 Sep 16;37(S1):13–31. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41271-016-0002-7
4. Fifi D, Hendi S. Pentingnya Kesehatan Masyarakat, Edukasi Dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Untuk Mengurangi Stunting Di Negara Berkembang. J Pros Semin Nas Kesehat [Internet]. 2020;2(01):16–25. Available from: http://ejurnal.stikesrespati-tsm.ac.id/index.php/semnas/article/view/246
5. Mardiah, Ginting S, Damanik L, Sembiring A, Imarina, Rumodang. Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sei Bejangkar Kabupaten Batubara Tahun 2020. Excell Midwifery J. 2021;4(2):1–12.
6. Sjahriani T, Faridah V. Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil. J Kebidanan J Med Sci Ilmu Kesehat Akad Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang. 2019 Dec 4;5(2):106–15.
7. Fishman J, Yang C, Mandell D. Attitude theory and measurement in implementation science: a secondary review of empirical studies and opportunities for advancement. Implement Sci [Internet]. 2021 Dec 14;16(1):87. Available from: https://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13012-021-01153-9
8. Anwar Z, Djudiyah D. Pengembangan program psikoedukasi untuk mengelola stres, cemas, dan depresi pada mahasiswa yang sedang menempuh skripsi. Cognicia [Internet]. 2021 Mar 31;9(1):1–5. Available from: https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/cognicia/article/view/15130
9. Freedman J. Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee “crisis.” Reprod Health Matters [Internet]. 2016 Jan 7;24(47):18–26. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1016/j.rhm.2016.05.003
10. Carter SK, Guittar SG. Emotion work among pregnant and birthing women. Midwifery [Internet]. 2014 Sep;30(9):1021–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266613814001259
11. Chitayat D, Matsui D, Amitai Y, Kennedy D, Vohra S, Rieder M, et al. Folic acid supplementation for pregnant women and those planning pregnancy: 2015 update. J Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2016 Feb 5;56(2):170–5. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcph.616
12. McDougall W. An Introduction to Social Psychology [Internet]. 1st ed. London: Psychology Press; 2015. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781317530404
13. Aged C. Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors of Mothers for Diarrhea in Children Aged 1?5 Years in Buol District, Indonesia. Sociol Study. 2016;6(12).
14. Maharani CT, Sriatmi A, Suryoputro A. Analisis Faktor Persepsi Kerentanan Ibu Terhadap Pemanfaatan Kelas Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Gayamsari Kota Semarang. J Kesehat Masy. 2018;6(5):33–8.
15. Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, et al. Compliance with Iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of South India. Afr Health Sci [Internet]. 2014 Mar 12;14(1):255. Available from: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/view/101752
16. Nisar Y Bin, Alam A, Aurangzeb B, Dibley MJ. Perceptions of antenatal iron-folic acid supplements in urban and rural Pakistan: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2014 Dec 1;14(1):344. Available from: http://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2393-14-344
17. Ali A. Current Status of Malnutrition and Stunting in Pakistani Children: What Needs to Be Done? J Am Coll Nutr [Internet]. 2021 Feb 17;40(2):180–92. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07315724.2020.1750504
18. Walrod J, Seccareccia E, Sarmiento I, Pimentel JP, Misra S, Morales J, et al. Community factors associated with stunting, overweight and food insecurity: a community-based mixed-method study in four Andean indigenous communities in Ecuador. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2018 Jul 6;8(7):e020760. Available from: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020760
19. Mikrajab MA, Rachmawati T. Policy Analysis of Integrated Antenatal Care implementation at Public Health Centers in Blitar City. Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1;19(1):41–53. Available from: http://ejournal.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/hsr/article/view/4988
20. Berhan Y, Berhan A. Antenatal Care as a Means of Increasing Birth in the Health Facility and Reducing Maternal Mortality: A Systematic Review. Ethiop J Health Sci [Internet]. 2014 Sep 12;24:93. Available from: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejhs/article/view/107636
21. Heryanto H, Martha E. Kajian Faktor Penyebab Dan Intervensi Gizi Spesifik Untuk Pencegahan Stunting Di Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Jukema (Jurnal Kesehat Masy Aceh). 2019;5(2).
22. Serçekuş P, Başkale H. Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment. Midwifery [Internet]. 2016 Mar;34:166–72. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266613815003228
23. Simbolon D, Rahmadi A, Jumiyati J. Pengaruh Pendampingan Gizi terhadap Perubahan Perilaku Pemenuhan Gizi Ibu Hamil Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK). J Kesehat [Internet]. 2019 Sep 13;10(2):269. Available from: http://ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/1366
24. Siregar NY, Kias CF, Nurfatimah N, Noya F, Longgupa LW, Entoh C, et al. Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III dalam Menghadapi Persalinan. J Bidan Cerdas [Internet]. 2021 Mar 7;3(1):18–24. Available from: http://jurnal.poltekkespalu.ac.id/index.php/JBC/article/view/131
25. Nasution AS, Nasution A. Puzzle Gizi sebagai Upaya Promosi terhadap Perilaku Gizi Seimbang pada Siswa. Media Kesehat Masy Indones [Internet]. 2020 Mar 31;16(1):89. Available from: http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/8606
26. Rizawati. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Dalam Mengkonsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah. Hum Care J. 2022 May 24;7(2):382–94.
27. Putri NR, Amalia R, Kusmawati II. Kelas Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kesehatan Psikologis Ibu Hamil dan Persiapan Persalinan: Systematic Review. Indones J Midwifery [Internet]. 2022 Mar 4;5(1):29. Available from: http://jurnal.unw.ac.id:1254/index.php/ijm/article/view/1427
28. Fernández Fernández-Arroyo M. Childbirth Education: Comparative Analysis. In: Childbirth [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2020. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/childbirth/childbirth-education-comparative-analysis
29. Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Axelsson E. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Health Anxiety. In: The Clinician’s Guide to Treating Health Anxiety [Internet]. Elsevier; 2019. p. 79–122. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128118061000068
30. Andriani Y, Respati SH, Astirin OP. Effectiveness of Pregnant Woman Class in The Prevention of Pregnancy Anemia in Banyuwangi, East Java. J Matern Child Heal [Internet]. 2016;01(04):230–41. Available from: http://www.thejmch.com/index.php?journal=thejmch&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=33&path%5B%5D=39
31. Candarmaweni, Rahayu AYS. Tantangan Pencegahan Stunting Pada Era Adaptasi Baru “New Normal” Melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Pandeglang. J Kebijak Kesehat Indones JKKI [Internet]. 2020;9(3):136–46. Available from: https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jkki/article/view/57781
32. Cornwall A. Women’s Empowerment: What Works? J Int Dev [Internet]. 2016 Apr 28;28(3):342–59. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.3210
33. Laili U, Andriani RAD. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pencegahan Stunting. J Pengabdi Masy IPTEKS [Internet]. 2019 Jun 29;5(1):8. Available from: http://jurnal.unmuhjember.ac.id/index.php/PENGABDIAN_IPTEKS/article/view/2154
34. Mekonnen AG, Odo DB, Nigatu D, Sav A, Abagero KK. Women’s empowerment and child growth faltering in Ethiopia: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Womens Health [Internet]. 2021 Dec 30;21(1):42. Available from: https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-021-01183-x
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Apr 15, 2023
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Eko Mindarsih, Muhammad Akhyar, Budiyanti Wiboworini, & Suminah. (2023). Empowerment Model of Pregnant Women in Stunting Prevention Efforts. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(7), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.07.040
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