Can Ethanol Extract of Etlingera elatior Fruit Prevent Inflammations on Diabetic Nephropathy Mice Models?
Main Article Content
Keywords
diabetic nephropathy, ethanol extract of E.elatior fruit, nephroprotective, anti-inflammation, antioxidant
Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to compare ethanol extract of Etlingera elatior (E.elatior) effects given in diabetes, pre diabetes, and post diabetes period.
Materials and Methods: This research used post-test only control group design. The first five mice group was given extract in pre DM period, the next group was given extract in post DM period, and the last group was given after ligation. Unilateral ureter ligation will be given to diabetic mice after one week. Evaluation of body weight, tension, glucose, albuminuria, and creatinine was in the fourth and fifth week of experiment. In the last week, High Sensitive C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) was examined.
Results: The results of the research showed that ethanol extract of E.elatior significantly reduce creatinine and hsCRP rate when the extract was given in pre diabetic and DM period (p<0,05). There is no significant difference of urine albumin rate based on extract giving period. Mice receiving extracts are proven to decrease necrotic and inflammation condition in kidney histologically.
Conclusion: ethanol extract of E.elatior fruit possesses anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertension activities as well as hinders weight loss. The extract is beneficial for nephroprotective with natural antioxidant and anti-inflammation substances inside of it.
References
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12. Oguntibeju OO. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2019; 11(3):45–63.
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17. Gnudi L, Coward RJM, Long DA. Diabetic Nephropathy: Perspective on Novel Molecular Mechanisms. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 27(11):820–30.
18. Gorin Y, Cavaglieri RC, Khazim K, Lee DY, Bruno F, Thakur S, et al. Targeting NADPH oxidase with a novel dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor attenuates renal pathology in type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308(11):F1276-1287.
19. Chan EWC, Lim YY, Tan SP. Standardised herbal extract of chlorogenic acid from leaves of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 3(3):178–84.
20. Wijekoon MMJO, Bhat R, Karim AA. Effect of extraction solvents on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of bunga kantan (Etlingera elatior Jack. inflorescence. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2011; 24(4):615–9.
21. Koraag ME, Anastasia H, Isnawati R, Octaviani O. Efikasi Ekstrak Daun Dan Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera Elatior Terhadap Larva Aedes Aegypti. Aspirator 2016; 8(2):63–8.
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24. Sahidin S, Salsabila S, Wahyuni W, Adryan F, Imran I. Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Senyawa Aromatik dari Buah Wualae (Etlingera elatior. Jurnal Kimia Valensi 2019; 5(1):1–7.
25. Wahyuni, Grashella SHL, Fitriah WOI, Malaka MH, Fristiohady A, Imran, et al. Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of methanol extract and secondary metabolites from Wualae rhizome (Etlingera elatior. Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology 2019; 1(1):13–6.
26. Nasution J, Riyanto R, Chandra Rh. Kajian Etnobotani Zingiberaceae Sebagai Bahan Pengobatan Tradisional Etnis Batak Toba Di Sumatera Utara: Ethnobotany of Zingiberaceae as A Traditional Herbal Medicine of Batak Toba Ethnic in North Sumatera. Medkon 2020; 25(1):98–102.
27. Suwadi, Pujiyono, et al. "Legal comparison of the use of telemedicine between Indonesia and the United States." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare ahead-of-print (2022).
28. Leorita M, Mardikasari SA, Wahyuni W, Malaka MH, Sartinah A, Sahidin S. Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Buah, Daun, Batang dan Rimpang Tanaman Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack R.M. Smith. Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Jun 3]; 4(2. Available from: http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/pharmauho/article/view/6263
29. Ramasamy S, MAZLAN N, RAMLI N, Rasidi W, Manickam S. Bioactivity and Stability Studies of Anthocyanin-Containing Extracts from Garcinia mangostana L. and Etlingera elatior Jack. 2016: 45:559–65.
30. Burda S, Oleszek W. Antioxidant and Antiradical Activities of Flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49(6):2774–9.
31. Stevani H. Praktikum Farmakologi. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2016.
32. Potârniche AV, Dreanca A, Sarpataki O, Sevastre B, Marcus I. Experimental model of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Diabetes Mellitus type II in Sprague-Dawley rats : Step by step protocol and the encountered issues. Revista Română de Medicină Veterinară 2018; 28.
33. Kim SJ, Kim MC, Um JY, Hong SH. The Beneficial Effect of Vanillic Acid on Ulcerative Colitis. Molecules 2010; 15(10):7208–17.
34. Handayani H, Sriherfyna FH, Yunianta Y. Ekstraksi Antioksidan Daun Sirsak Metode Ultrasonic Bath (Kajian Rasio Bahan : Pelarut Dan Lama Ekstraksi [In Press Januari 2016]. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Jul 23]; 4(1. Available from: https://jpa.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpa/article/view/327
35. Naufalin R, Rukmini H. Potensi Bunga Kecombrang Sebagai Pengawet Alami Pada Tahu Dan Ikan. Semnas Seminar Nasional Pusat Penelitian Pangan, Gizi dan Kesehatan, 8-9 Oktober 2010. 2010 Oct 8;
36. Srey C, Sontimuang C, Thengyai S, Ovatlarnporn C, Puttarak P. Anti a-glucosidase, anti a-amylase, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation activities of Etlingera elatior rhizome. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Jul 23]; 6(12). Available from: https://www.jocpr.com/abstract/anti-aglucosidase-anti-aamylase-antioxidation-and-antiinflammation-activities-of-etlingera-elatior-rhizome-8635.html
37. Nor NAM, Noordin L, Bakar NHA, Ahmad WANW. Evaluation of antidiabetic activities of Etlingera elatior flower aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo. J App Pharm Sci 2020; 10(8):043–51.
38. Yang T, Li C. Role of COX-2 in unilateral ureteral obstruction: what is new? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310(8):F746–7.
39. Susanto A, Putranto W, Dewi RTK, Purwanto B. Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction as a Model of Kidney Fibrosis and Increasing of Systolic Blood Pressure in Mice. Indonesian Journal of Kidney and Hypertension 2019; 2(3):20–5.
40. Lim AKH, Tesch GH. Inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:146154.
41. Gupta SC, Sundaram C, Reuter S, Aggarwal BB. Inhibiting NF-κB activation by small molecules as a therapeutic strategy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 2010; 1799(10):775–87.
42. Akchurin OM, Kaskel F. Update on inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif 2015; 39(1–3):84–92. 43. Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun SC. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Sig Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2(1):1–9.
44. Lee J, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Altered Nitric Oxide System in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases. Chonnam Med J 2016; 52(2):81–90.
45. Chevalier RL. The proximal tubule is the primary target of injury and progression of kidney disease: role of the glomerulotubular junction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311(1):F145-161.
2. Persson F, Rossing P. Diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease: state of the art and future perspective. Kidney Int Suppl 2018; 8(1):2–7.
3. Lim AK. Diabetic nephropathy – complications and treatment. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2014; 7:361–81.
4. Pugliese G, Penno G, Natali A, Barutta F, Di Paolo S, Reboldi G, et al. Diabetic kidney disease: new clinical and therapeutic issues. Joint position statement of the Italian Diabetes Society and the Italian Society of Nephrology on “The natural history of diabetic kidney disease and treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function.” J Nephrol 2020; 33(1):9–35.
5. Singh D, Winocour P, Farrington K. Oxidative stress in early diabetic nephropathy: Fueling the fire. Nature reviews Endocrinology 2011; 7:176–84.
6. Kumar R, Chhatwal S, Arora S, Sharma S, Singh J, Singh N, et al. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and adenosine deaminase- lowering effects of garlic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2013; 6:49–56.
7. Baratawidjaja KG, Rengganis I. Imunologi dasar / Karnen Garna Baratawidjaja, Iris Rengganis. 8th ed. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2010. 721 p.
8. Elmarakby AA, Sullivan JC. Relationship between oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy. Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 30(1):49–59.
9. Wright CB, Sacco RL, Rundek TR, Delman JB, Rabbani LE, Elkind MSV. Interleukin-6 is associated with cognitive function: the Northern Manhattan Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2006; 15(1):34–8.
10. Giridharan S, Srinivasan M. Mechanisms of NF-κB p65 and strategies for therapeutic manipulation. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:407–19.
11. Lee TF, Drake SM, Roberts GW, Bersten A, Stranks SN, Heilbronn LK, et al. Relative Hyperglycemia Is an Independent Determinant of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Critical Illness. Critical Care Medicine 2020; 48(2):e115–22.
12. Oguntibeju OO. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2019; 11(3):45–63.
13. Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection. Frontiers in Immunology [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Jun 3]; 9. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754
14. Purwanto E. Korelasi Jumlah Netrofil, Limfosit, dan Monosit dengan Kadar Albumin Urin pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 dengan Mikroalbuminuria. Biomedika [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 Jun 3]; 1(1). Available from: https://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/biomedika/article/view/287
15. Brownlee M. The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes 2005; 54(6):1615–25.
16. Ghayur A, Margetts PJ. Transforming growth factor-beta and the glomerular filtration barrier. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2013; 32(1:3–10.
17. Gnudi L, Coward RJM, Long DA. Diabetic Nephropathy: Perspective on Novel Molecular Mechanisms. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 27(11):820–30.
18. Gorin Y, Cavaglieri RC, Khazim K, Lee DY, Bruno F, Thakur S, et al. Targeting NADPH oxidase with a novel dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor attenuates renal pathology in type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308(11):F1276-1287.
19. Chan EWC, Lim YY, Tan SP. Standardised herbal extract of chlorogenic acid from leaves of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 3(3):178–84.
20. Wijekoon MMJO, Bhat R, Karim AA. Effect of extraction solvents on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of bunga kantan (Etlingera elatior Jack. inflorescence. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2011; 24(4):615–9.
21. Koraag ME, Anastasia H, Isnawati R, Octaviani O. Efikasi Ekstrak Daun Dan Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera Elatior Terhadap Larva Aedes Aegypti. Aspirator 2016; 8(2):63–8.
22. Isyanti M, Andarwulan N, Faridah DN. Karakteristik Fisik dan Fitokimia Buah Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack R.M. Sm. Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian 2019; 36(2):96–105.
23. Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Rahmat A, Ashkani S. Secondary metabolites constituents and antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities of Etlingera elatior (Jack R.M.Sm grown in different locations of Malaysia. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015; 15(1):335.
24. Sahidin S, Salsabila S, Wahyuni W, Adryan F, Imran I. Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Senyawa Aromatik dari Buah Wualae (Etlingera elatior. Jurnal Kimia Valensi 2019; 5(1):1–7.
25. Wahyuni, Grashella SHL, Fitriah WOI, Malaka MH, Fristiohady A, Imran, et al. Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of methanol extract and secondary metabolites from Wualae rhizome (Etlingera elatior. Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology 2019; 1(1):13–6.
26. Nasution J, Riyanto R, Chandra Rh. Kajian Etnobotani Zingiberaceae Sebagai Bahan Pengobatan Tradisional Etnis Batak Toba Di Sumatera Utara: Ethnobotany of Zingiberaceae as A Traditional Herbal Medicine of Batak Toba Ethnic in North Sumatera. Medkon 2020; 25(1):98–102.
27. Suwadi, Pujiyono, et al. "Legal comparison of the use of telemedicine between Indonesia and the United States." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare ahead-of-print (2022).
28. Leorita M, Mardikasari SA, Wahyuni W, Malaka MH, Sartinah A, Sahidin S. Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Buah, Daun, Batang dan Rimpang Tanaman Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack R.M. Smith. Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Jun 3]; 4(2. Available from: http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/pharmauho/article/view/6263
29. Ramasamy S, MAZLAN N, RAMLI N, Rasidi W, Manickam S. Bioactivity and Stability Studies of Anthocyanin-Containing Extracts from Garcinia mangostana L. and Etlingera elatior Jack. 2016: 45:559–65.
30. Burda S, Oleszek W. Antioxidant and Antiradical Activities of Flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49(6):2774–9.
31. Stevani H. Praktikum Farmakologi. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2016.
32. Potârniche AV, Dreanca A, Sarpataki O, Sevastre B, Marcus I. Experimental model of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Diabetes Mellitus type II in Sprague-Dawley rats : Step by step protocol and the encountered issues. Revista Română de Medicină Veterinară 2018; 28.
33. Kim SJ, Kim MC, Um JY, Hong SH. The Beneficial Effect of Vanillic Acid on Ulcerative Colitis. Molecules 2010; 15(10):7208–17.
34. Handayani H, Sriherfyna FH, Yunianta Y. Ekstraksi Antioksidan Daun Sirsak Metode Ultrasonic Bath (Kajian Rasio Bahan : Pelarut Dan Lama Ekstraksi [In Press Januari 2016]. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Jul 23]; 4(1. Available from: https://jpa.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpa/article/view/327
35. Naufalin R, Rukmini H. Potensi Bunga Kecombrang Sebagai Pengawet Alami Pada Tahu Dan Ikan. Semnas Seminar Nasional Pusat Penelitian Pangan, Gizi dan Kesehatan, 8-9 Oktober 2010. 2010 Oct 8;
36. Srey C, Sontimuang C, Thengyai S, Ovatlarnporn C, Puttarak P. Anti a-glucosidase, anti a-amylase, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation activities of Etlingera elatior rhizome. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Jul 23]; 6(12). Available from: https://www.jocpr.com/abstract/anti-aglucosidase-anti-aamylase-antioxidation-and-antiinflammation-activities-of-etlingera-elatior-rhizome-8635.html
37. Nor NAM, Noordin L, Bakar NHA, Ahmad WANW. Evaluation of antidiabetic activities of Etlingera elatior flower aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo. J App Pharm Sci 2020; 10(8):043–51.
38. Yang T, Li C. Role of COX-2 in unilateral ureteral obstruction: what is new? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310(8):F746–7.
39. Susanto A, Putranto W, Dewi RTK, Purwanto B. Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction as a Model of Kidney Fibrosis and Increasing of Systolic Blood Pressure in Mice. Indonesian Journal of Kidney and Hypertension 2019; 2(3):20–5.
40. Lim AKH, Tesch GH. Inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:146154.
41. Gupta SC, Sundaram C, Reuter S, Aggarwal BB. Inhibiting NF-κB activation by small molecules as a therapeutic strategy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 2010; 1799(10):775–87.
42. Akchurin OM, Kaskel F. Update on inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif 2015; 39(1–3):84–92. 43. Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun SC. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Sig Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2(1):1–9.
44. Lee J, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Altered Nitric Oxide System in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases. Chonnam Med J 2016; 52(2):81–90.
45. Chevalier RL. The proximal tubule is the primary target of injury and progression of kidney disease: role of the glomerulotubular junction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311(1):F145-161.
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Mar 29, 2023
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Teky Widyarini, Dono Indarto, Soetrisno, & Bambang Purwanto. (2023). Can Ethanol Extract of Etlingera elatior Fruit Prevent Inflammations on Diabetic Nephropathy Mice Models?. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(5), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.05.016
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