Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Erbil, Iraq
Main Article Content
Keywords
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, OXA-48, NDM-1.
Abstract
Antimicrobial drugs known as carbapenems are used to treat infections caused by bacteria that produce extended-spectrum -lactamases, such as those found in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenemases in drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria must be identified and differentiated at the phenotypic and molecular levels for effective infection management. Resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were characterized here by analyzing their phenotypic and genotypic profiles. Genotypic confirmation of carbapenemase synthesis in 98 K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates was found. PCR was used to look for the metallo-beta-lactamase genes OXA-48 and NDM-1 in the collected isolates. The blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 genes were found in 22.45 and 12.24% of the isolates, respectively. The genes for carbapenemase resistance, blaOXA-48, and blaNDM-1, were identified in K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates from the city of Erbil in the Kurdistan area of Iraq.
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for translational research," Journal of clinical microbiology, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. e01260-20, 2021.
3. J. Ma et al., "Global Spread of CarbapenemResistant Enterobacteriaceae: Epidemiological Features, Resistance Mechanisms, Detection and
Therapy," Microbiological Research, p. 127249, 2022.
4. D. Drenjančević, A. Presečki-Stanko, J. Kopić, J. Talapko, G. Zarfel, and B. Bedenić, "Hidden Carbapenem Resistance in OXA-48 and
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Positive Escherichia coli," Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont, NY), vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 696-702,
2019.
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stand?," Journal of infection and public health, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 555-560, 2021.
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multiplex PCR and PFGE methods: The first K. pneumoniae isolates co-producing OXA-48/KPC and KPC/NDM in Turkey," Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 192-198, 2022.
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Annals of Saudi Medicine, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 63-70, 2021.
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Escherichia coli isolates in Iran," Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 201-208, 2022.
11. M. Şimşek, C. Demir, and E. Şeker, "Investigation of New Delhi metallo-betalactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) gene in carbapenemresistant Enterobacterales strains isolated from a university hospital in Turkey," 2021.
12. M. Tilahun, Y. Kassa, A. Gedefie, and M.Ashagire, "Emerging carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection, its epidemiology
and novel treatment options: a review," Infection and drug resistance, pp. 4363-4374, 2021.
13. S. Loqman, N. Soraa, S. M. Diene, and J.-M. Rolain, "Dissemination of carbapenemases (OXA-48, NDM and VIM) producing
enterobacteriaceae isolated from the Mohamed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, Morocco," Antibiotics, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 492, 2021.
14. B. Snyder et al., "Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producing Enterobacteriaceae," Epidemiology & Infection, vol. 147, 2019.
15. N. Patidar, N. Vyas, S. Sharma, and B. Sharma, "Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test," Journal of Laboratory Physicians, vol. 13, no. 01, pp. 014-
021, 2021.
16. Q. Liao et al., "Comparing three different phenotypic methods for accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales,"
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 794-799, 2021.
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Enterobacteriaceae," Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine: Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care
Medicine, vol. 25, no. 7, p. 780, 2021.
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Co-Harboring bla NDM and bla OXA-48 in Jeddah," Microbiology Research, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 753-764, 2022.
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of OXA-48, NDM, KPC, VIM, IMP types of carbapenemases in the carbapenem-resistant groups," Journal of Chemotherapy, vol. 34, no. 4,
pp. 235-240, 2022.
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22. M. Kumari et al., "Emergence of blaNDM-1 and blaVIM producing Gram-negative bacilli in ventilator-associated pneumonia at AMR
Surveillance Regional Reference Laboratory in India," Plos one, vol. 16, no. 9, p. e0256308, 2021.
23. Z. R. H. Al-Sultani and H. R. R. Al-Taai, "Detection of NDM-1 in Cabapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 869-878, 2019.
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hospitalized patients in southwestern Iran," Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 536-540, 2018.
25. A. A. Hammoudi, A. N. Hussein, and S. J. Mohammed, "Detection of blaNDM-Metallo-βLactamase Genes in Klebsiella pneumonia Strains Isolated From Burn Patients in Baghdad Hospitals," Med. J. Babylon, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 904-913, 2016.
26. A. C. Ulu et al., "Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae at a Turkish centre: Is the increase of resistance a
threat for Europe?," Journal of global antimicrobial resistance, vol. 11, pp. 10-16, 2017.
27. H. J. Ahmed and A. R. Ganjo, "Detection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli recovered from
clinical specimens in Erbil City Kurdistan Region of Iraq," Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 10-18, 2019.
28. Ibrahim, A. H. "Epidemiology Study of Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) Acnes in Zakho City, Iraq Kurdistan Region." IOP
Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 454. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2018.
29. Cooling, Laura. "Blood groups in infection and host susceptibility." Clinical microbiology reviews 28.3 (2015): 801-870.
30. Nordgren, Johan, and Lennart Svensson. "Genetic susceptibility to human norovirus infection: an update." Viruses 11.3 (2019): 226.
31. Berger, S. A., N. A. Young, and S. C. Edberg. "Relationship between infectious diseases and human blood type." European journal of clinical
microbiology and infectious diseases 8 (1989): 681-689.
32. S Al-Rawi, Sawsan, et al. "Depression, Anxiety and Stress Level among University Students of Class Reentry Post Covid-19 Pandemic."
International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies 9.2 (2022).
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Published
Mar 26, 2023
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How to Cite
Heshu J. Ahmed, Ahmad H. Ibrahim, Sawsan S. Al-Rawi, Aryan R. Ganjo, & Hataw Fryad Saber. (2023). Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Erbil, Iraq. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(4), 457–463. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.04.044
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