COMPARISON OF BMI, LIPID PARAMETERS, AST, AND LDH IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS STRATIFIED BY SMOKING STATUS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY PAKISTAN
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Keywords
myocardial infarction, smoking, dyslipidaemia, body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, Pakistan
Abstract
Background: Smoking and dyslipidaemia contribute to cardiovascular disease. This study compared BMI, lipid parameters, AST, and LDH in Pakistani myocardial infarction (MI) patients and controls stratified by smoking status.
Methods: A hospital-based case-control study enrolled 150 MI patients and 150 age-comparable controls at Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital, Medical Teaching Institution (MTI), Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan, from11 June 2025 to 20 October 2025. BMI and fasting serum biochemical parameters were assessed. Comparisons were stratified by smoking status and age. Exploratory correlations included 53 MI cases with complete data.
Results: BMI did not differ between MI patients and controls overall (p = 0.857). Total cholesterol and LDL were higher in MI patients across smoking strata. Among smokers, triglycerides were 215.50 ± 30.73 mg/dL in MI patients versus 155.92 ± 52.23 mg/dL in controls (p < 0.001), whereas the non-smoker comparison was not significant (p = 0.401). HDL was higher in MI patients overall and among non-smokers (both p < 0.001). LDH was higher in MI patients across strata (all p < 0.001). AST did not differ significantly between smoking cases and smoking controls (p = 0.103). In the complete-case subset, the HDL correlation among non-smokers met the nominal 0.05 threshold (r = −0.376, p = 0.037), whereas the LDH correlation among smokers did not (r = 0.414, p = 0.055).
Conclusion: MI patients showed differences in lipid and enzyme concentrations, with a marked triglyceride difference among smokers. These unadjusted comparisons do not establish independent smoking effects, causal mechanisms, or diagnostic accuracy. The unexpected HDL finding and exploratory correlations require cautious interpretation.
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