CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OTORHINOLARYNGEAL MANIFESTATION OF COVID 19 AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY
Main Article Content
Keywords
COVID-19, disease severity, otorhinolaryngeal manifestations, smell loss, clinical characteristics
Abstract
COVID-19 presents with diverse systemic, respiratory, and otorhinolaryngeal manifestations that may vary according to disease severity. This study evaluated the clinical and ENT characteristics of COVID-19 patients and their correlation with serious illness. A secondary observational analytical study was conducted using previously collected information from 223 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, hospitalization status, CT findings, general symptoms, otorhinolaryngeal manifestations, symptom severity, and duration were analyzed. There were four categories for disease severity: mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Kruskal–Wallis H, Fisher's exact, and chi-square, regression, and regression analyses were performed. The mean age was 50.09 ± 16.46 years. Fatigue was the most common general symptom, while taste loss and smell loss were the predominant ENT manifestations. Fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea differed significantly across severity groups. Smell loss was more frequent in milder disease and was associated with lower odds of severe/critical COVID-19. Increasing age, comorbidity, CT evidence of viral pneumonia, fever, fatigue, and dyspnea were associated with greater severity. Age remained the only significant independent predictor after adjustment. Clinical and otorhinolaryngeal manifestations varied according to COVID-19 severity. Age and respiratory involvement were important severity indicators, while smell loss was more characteristic of less severe disease.
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