FREQUENCY OF RISK FACTORS FOR DEPRESSION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
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Keywords
Hemodialysis, ESRD, Depression, Risk factors, Beck’s Depression Inventory
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the frequency of risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of depression in patients while undergoing continuous hemodialysis.
Methodology: Depression is considered as the most common psychological illness among hemodialysis patients. Prevalence among ESRD patients ranged between 20% to 30%. The risk factors for dialysis-related depression are multifactorial, related to psychological, social, and biological mechanisms (which include roles of neurotransmitters, inflammation, nutritional status and genetic predisposition in the pathogenesis). The cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of General Medicine, Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt during November 2020 to April 2021. A total of 85 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients then underwent evaluation for depression using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire and depression severity was noted. Blood samples were then drawn and sent to the Chemical Pathology Department, POF Hospital Wah, for measurements of serum hemoglobin levels and serum phosphate levels, via a Roche Cobas C311 Analyzer and XN 1000 Sysmex Analyzer, respectively, which were then recorded on the mentioned proforma.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.6±10.7 years. Male gender was found to be dominant in this study. Various factors like lower age, marital status (unmarried), minimal and middle education levels, low socioeconomic status, infrequent weekly hemodialysis, low levels of hemoglobin, lower BMI and variable degree of serum phosphate levels were significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.001) allied with depression.
Conclusion: In the current study it is concluded that depression is highly prevalent among continuous hemodialysis patients. Various factors like lower age, marital status (unmarried), minimal and middle education levels, low socioeconomic status, infrequent weekly hemodialysis, low levels of hemoglobin, lower BMI and variable degree of serum phosphate levels are significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.001) linked with depression.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Raja Muhammad Umer Farooq
Senior Registrar Medicine, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Sohaib Ahmed
Assistant Professor Medicine, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Marzia Shaher Bano
Senior Registrar Medicine, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Muhammad Farhan ul Haq
Assistant Professor Medicine, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Aysha Rani
Assistant Professor Medicine, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Saadia Fatima
Assistant Professor Medicine, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
