BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SERUM IRON PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON ORAL CAVITY ANATOMY
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Keywords
Biochemical Evaluation, Serum Iron Parameters, Children, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Oral Cavity Anatomy
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent nutritional disease in children all over the world and is linked to functional defects in oxygen transfer, malfunction of the epithelium, and tissue atypical metabolism. The stratified squamous epithelium and lingual papillae of the oral cavity are very sensitive to nutritional deficiencies in the system. There are however limited data available linking biochemical iron parameters with anatomic changes in the oral cavity.
Objective: To evaluate serum iron parameters in children with iron deficiency anemia and assess their impact on oral cavity anatomy.
Methods: The present cross-sectional analytical research was carried out in the period between January 2024 and January 2025 in Bashir College of Dentistry and involved 72 children aged 3-14 years with iron deficiency anemia. Hematological parameters (hemoglobin, MCV, MCH) and biochemical parameters (serum iron, serum ferritin, TIBC, transferrin saturation) were measured. Thorough intra oral examination determined mucosal pallor, atrophic glossiti, angular cheilitis, enamel hypoplasia and DMFT score. The presentation of the associations between the iron parameters and the changes in the anatomy were performed with the help of Pearson correlation.
Results: Mean hemoglobin was 8.6 ± 1.2 g/dL and serum ferritin was 10.4 ± 4.2 ng/mL. Oral mucosal pallor (80.6%) and atrophic glossitis (58.3%) were the most common findings. Hemoglobin showed a strong negative correlation with mucosal pallor (r = −0.61, p < 0.001), while ferritin significantly correlated with atrophic glossitis (r = −0.58, p < 0.001). Serum iron levels were inversely associated with DMFT score (r = −0.42, p = 0.002).
Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is significantly associated with structural alterations of oral cavity tissues. Oral anatomical changes may serve as early clinical indicators of underlying biochemical iron deficiency.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Faridullah Shah
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Bashir College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan
Tayyaba Sheikh
Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry, Abu Umara Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
Mishal Waseem
4th Year, MBBS, Loralai Medical College, Loralai, Pakistan
Rabia Inam Gandapore
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Bacha Khan Dental College, Mardan, Pakistan
Afaq Farooq
Associate Professor and Head of Department, Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan
Nabila Momin Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Rehman Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
