SCREENING FOR CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM BY UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD TSH – A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY.
Main Article Content
Keywords
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Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the major health problems and the main preventable cause of mental retardation in children. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism varies across geographic areas and ethnicity. The exact incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in India is unknown. The incidence of CH has shown a wide variation across different states in India. A study done in Hyderabad showed an incidence of 1 in 1700 births.1 Studies by Desai et al based on a neonatal screening program in Mumbai places the incidence at 1: 2500 –1: 2800.8 Other studies done in Kerala and Kolkata and have shown a higher incidence of 1:500 to 1:600.20 CH if diagnosed promptly and treated early, irreversible mental retardation can be prevented. Because signs and symptoms of CH are often scarce at birth, newborns need to be screened at birth for early diagnosis of CH.
References
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[8] Desai MP, Colaco MP, Ajgaonkar AR, Mahadik CV, Vas FE, Rege C, Shirodkar VV, Bandivdekar A, Sheth AR. Neonatal Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism In A Developing Country: Problems And Strategies. Indian J Pediatr. 1987 Julaug;54(4):571-81.
[9] Khadilkar V, Khadilkar A, Cowasji H. Neonatal Thyroid Screening Program Using Filter Paper Method. Cape News 2002; 6:1.
[10] Koibuchi N, Chin WW. Thyroid Hormone Action And Brain Development. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2000 May-Jun;11(4):123-8. .
[11] Rose SR, Brown RS, Foley T, Kaplowitz PB, Kaye CI, Sundararajan S, Et Al. Update Of Newborn Screening And Therapy For Congenital Hypothyroidism. Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):2290–303.
[12] Klein AH, Meltzer S, Kenny FM. Improved Prognosis In Congenital Hypothyroidism Treated Before Age Three Months. J Pediatr. 1972 Nov;81(5):912-5. Bibliography 62
[13] Akindahunsi AA, Grissom FE, Adewusi SR, Afolabi OA, Torimiro SE, Oke OL. Parameters Of Thyroid Function In The Endemic Goitre Of Akungba And Oke-Agbe Villages Of Akoko Area Of Southwestern Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1998 Sepdec;27(3-4):239-42.
[14] Delange F. Neonatal Thyroid Screening As A Monitoring Tool For The Control Of Iodine Deficiency. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement.1999 Dec;88(432):21–4.
[15] B.L. Therrell And C. David-Padilla. Screening Newborns For Congenital Hypothyroidismm : Guidance For Developing Programmes. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2005. P.. WMJ Official Publication Of The State Medical Society Of Wisconsin. 2005 P. 45–50.
[16] Minamitani K, Inomata H. Neonatal Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism In Japan. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2012 Oct;10 Suppl 1:79-88.
[17] Rosenthal M, Addison GM, Price DA. Congenital Hypothyroidism: Increased Incidence In Asian Families. Arch Dis Child. 1988 Jul;63(7):790-3.
[18] Bernstein RE, Op't Hof J, Hitzeroth HW. Neonatal Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism. A Decade's Review, Including South Africa. S Afr Med J. 1988 Mar 19;73(6):339-43. Bibliography 63
[19] Kapoor S, Kabra M. Newborn Screening In India: Current Perspectives. Indian Pediatr. 2010 Mar;47(3):219-24.
[20] Manglik AK, Chatterjee N, Ghosh G. Umbilical Cord Blood TSH Levels In Term Neonates: A Screening Tool For Congenital Hypothyroidism. Indian Pediatr. 2005 Oct;42(10):1029-32.
[21] Lafranchi SH. Increasing Incidence Of Congenital Hypothyroidism: Some Answers, More Questions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug;96(8):2395-7.
[22] Kempers MJ, Lanting CI, Van Heijst AF, Van Trotsenburg AS, Wiedijk BM, De Vijlder JJ, Vulsma T. Neonatal Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism Based On Thyroxine, Thyrotropin, And Thyroxine-Binding Globulin Measurement: Potentials And Pitfalls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;91(9):3370-6.
[23] Deladoëy J, Ruel J, Giguère Y, Van Vliet G. Is The Incidence Of Congenital Hypothyroidism Really Increasing? A 20-Year Retrospective Population-Based Study In Québec. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug;96(8):2422-9.
[24] Medda E, Olivieri A, Stazi MA, Grandolfo ME, Fazzini C, Baserga M, Burroni M, Et Al. Risk Factors For Congenital Hypothyroidism: Results Of A Population Casecontrol Study(1997-2003). Eur J Endocrinol. 2005 Dec;153(6):765-73.
[25] Olivieri A, Medda E, De Angelis S, Valensise H, De Felice M, Fazzini C, Et Al. Study Group For Congenital Hypothyroidism. High Risk Of Congenital Hypothyroidism In Multiple Pregnancies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Aug;92(8):3141-7.
[26] Kurtoglu S, Keskin M, Koklu E, Akcakus M, Atabek ME, Hatipoglu N. Congenital Goiter In Premature Twins Due To Propylthiouracil Treatment. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;20(7):771.
[27] Kurinczuk JJ, Bower C, Lewis B, Byrne G. Congenital Hypothyroidism In Western Australia 1981-1998. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002 Apr;38(2):187-91.
[28] Lorey FW, Cunningham GC. Birth Prevalence Of Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism By Sex And Ethnicity. Hum Biol. 1992 Aug;64(4):531–8.
[29] Devos H. A Search For The Possible Molecular Mechanisms Of Thyroid Dysgenesis: Sex Ratios And Associated Malformations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jul 1;84(7):2502–6.
[30] Rose SR; Brown RS; Foley T, Kaplowitz PB, Kaye CI, Et Al. Update Of Newborn Screening And Therapy For Congenital Hypothyroidism. Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):2290-303. Bibliography 65
[31] Stoll C, Dott B, Alembik Y, Koehl C. Congenital Anomalies Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism. Annales De Génétique. 1999 Jan;42(1):17–20.
[32] Bijarnia S, Wilcken B, Wiley VC. Newborn Screening For Congenital Hypothyroidism In Very-Low-Birth-Weight Babies: The Need For A Second Test. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Jun;34(3):827–33.
[33] Cao XY, Xinimin J, Zhi-Kong D. Timing Of Vulnerability Of The Brain To Iodine Deficiency In Endemic Cretinism. N Engl J Med 1994;331(26):1739–44.
[34] Persani L, Calebiro D, Cordella D, Weber G, Gelmini G, Libri D, Et Al. Genetics And Phenomics Of Hypothyroidism Due To TSH Resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010 Jun 30;322(1-2):72–82.
[35] Evans C, Jordan NJ, Owens G, Bradley D, Ludgate M, John R. Potent Thyrotrophin Receptor-Blocking Antibodies: A Cause Of Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism And Delayed Thyroid Development. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;150(3):265–8.
[36] Allemand D, Grüters A, Beyer P, Weber B. Iodine In Contrast Agents And Skin Disinfectants Is The Major Cause For Hypothyroidism In Premature Infants During Intensive Care. Horm Res. 1987 Jan;28(1):42–9. Bibliography 66
[37] Ares S, Escobar-Morreale HF, Quero J, Durán S, Presas MJ, Herruzo R, Et Al. Neonatal Hypothyroxinemia: Effects Of Iodine Intake And Premature Birth. The J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1997 Jun;82(6):1704–12.
[38] Kugelman A, Riskin A, Bader D, Koren I. Pitfalls In Screening Programs For Congenital Hypothyroidism In Premature Newborns. Am J Perinatol; 2009 May 11;26(5):383–5.
[39] Osborn DA. Thyroid Hormones For Preventing Neurodevelopmental Impairment Inpreterm Infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD001070.
[40] Thomas J De V, Collett-Solberg PF. Perinatal Goiter With Increased Iodine Uptake And Hypothyroidism Due To Excess Maternal Iodine Ingestion. Horm Res. 2009 Jan;72(6):344–7.
[41] Frassetto F, Tourneur Martel F, Barjhoux CE, Villier C, Bot BL, Vincent F. Goiter In A Newborn Exposed To Lithium In Utero. Ann Pharmacother. 2002 Nov;36(11):1745-8.
[42] Gallagher MP, Schachner HC, Levine LS, Fisher DA, Berdon WE, Oberfield SE. Neonatal Thyroid Enlargement Associated With Propylthiouracil Therapy Of Graves'disease During Pregnancy: A Problem Revisited. J Pediatr. 2001 Dec;139(6):896-900.
[43] Pavan-Senn CC, Nesi-França S, Pelaez J, Pereira RM, Boguszewski MC Da S, Sandrini Neto R, Et Al. Hipotireoidismo Neonatal Transitório Causado Pelo Uso De Amiodarona Durante A Gestação: Relato De Dois Casos E Revisão Da Literatura. Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia & Metabologia. 2008 Feb;52(1):126–30.
[44] Korzeniewski SJ, Grigorescu V, Kleyn M, Young WI, Birbeck G, Todem D, Et Al. Transient Hypothyroidism At 3-Year Follow-Up Among Cases Of Congenital Hypothyroidism Detected By Newborn Screening. J Pediatr. 2013 Jan;162(1):177– 82.
[45] Pass KA, Neto EC. Update: Newborn Screening For Endocrinopathies. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;38(4):827–37.
[46] Djemli A, Van Vliet G, Delvin EE. Congenital Hypothyroidism: From Paracelsus To Molecular Diagnosis. Clin Biochem. 2006 May;39(5):511–8.
[47] Bellisario R, Colinas RJ PK. Simultaneous Measurement Of Thyroxine And Thyrotropin From Newborn Dried Blood-Spot Specimens Using A Multiplexed Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay. Clin Chem. 2000;46(9):1422–4.
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Jan 20, 2026
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Dr Deepa Singh, Dr Deepak Kumar, & Dr Hima Charan. (2026). SCREENING FOR CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM BY UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD TSH – A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 33(1), 487-507. https://doi.org/10.53555/90544y76
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How to Cite
Dr Deepa Singh, Dr Deepak Kumar, & Dr Hima Charan. (2026). SCREENING FOR CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM BY UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD TSH – A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 33(1), 487-507. https://doi.org/10.53555/90544y76
