IMPACT OF A STRUCTURED NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS
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Keywords
Menopause, nutritional intervention, phytoestrogens, metabolic, health, bone density, dietary therapy, Pakistan
Abstract
Menopause is associated with various physiological and psychological symptoms due to declining estrogen levels, including hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood swings, and an increased risk of osteoporosis and metabolic disorders. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is effective, concerns over its risks have led to interest in alternative approaches such as dietary interventions. Nutritional strategies rich in phytoestrogens, essential vitamins, and minerals may provide a non-pharmacological means of managing menopausal symptoms.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured nutritional intervention on the management of menopausal symptoms in women attending a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. The study assessed the effectiveness of a Pakistan-specific meal plan tailored to improve vasomotor, psychological, and metabolic health outcomes in menopausal women.
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted over six months, including 120 postmenopausal women aged 45-60 years experiencing moderate to severe menopausal symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (structured meal plan) or the control group (usual diet without modification). The intervention group followed a diet rich in phytoestrogens, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, and vitamin D, designed for cultural relevance. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), and metabolic and bone health parameters were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results: After six months, the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in menopausal symptoms compared to the control group (p<0.05). Hot flashes reduced by 55%, sleep disturbances by 43%, and mood swings by 39% in the intervention group. Bone health improved significantly, with a 20% increase in serum calcium levels and an 18% improvement in vitamin D status (p=0.011 and p=0.019, respectively). Metabolic outcomes showed a 6% reduction in BMI and an 8% improvement in fasting blood glucose levels (p=0.027 and p=0.03, respectively). 85% of participants adhered to the dietary recommendations, demonstrating feasibility and acceptance.
Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence that a structured nutritional intervention can effectively alleviate menopausal symptoms, improve metabolic health, and enhance bone mineral status among postmenopausal women. Given the safety and sustainability of dietary interventions, healthcare professionals should integrate nutritional counseling and structured meal planning into menopause management as a viable alternative or complement to pharmacological therapies.
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Dr. Hira Afreen
Consultant OBGYN, Alkhidmat Welfare Foundation Hospital, Tando Allah Yar.
Sajjad Kazi
Associate Professor, ISRA University, Hyderabad.
Dr. Ariba Jalbani
Assistant Professor, Bhitai Dental & Medical College, Mirpurkhas
Dr. Azra Ahmed
Associate Professor, Suleman Roshan Medical College, Tando Adam.
Dr. Kapal Dev
Deputy District Health Officer (MIS), Tharparkar
Chander Rekha Kumari
Lecturer, Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan.