ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS IN SUBURBAN AREA A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
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Keywords
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (PMDs), Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Leukoplakia, Epithelial Dysplasia, Tobacco Use, Suburban Population
Abstract
Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) represent precancerous mucosal lesions with significant risk of malignant transformation. Their distribution and risk profile vary across populations, particularly in suburban regions where both rural and urban influences converge. Objective: To analyze the prevalence, clinicopathological features, and risk factors of PMDs in a suburban population. Methods: A retrospective review of 426 patient records diagnosed with PMDs from January 2018 to December 2022 was conducted at a suburban dental teaching hospital. Data regarding demographics, risk habits, lesion type, site, and histopathology were extracted. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were applied for analysis. Results: Males (58.2%) were more frequently affected, with a mean age of 42.8 years. The majority reported tobacco chewing and areca nut use (46% and 22.5%, respectively). Oral submucous fibrosis (37.1%) and leukoplakia (32.6%) were the most common lesions, predominantly affecting the buccal mucosa (47.4%). Histopathological evaluation (n = 274) revealed epithelial dysplasia in 36.9% of cases, with higher rates in leukoplakia and erythroplakia. Multi-habit users demonstrated significantly increased risk of dysplastic changes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PMDs are prevalent in suburban populations, strongly linked to high-risk habits. Early detection, biopsy of suspicious lesions, and community-based cessation programs are essential to mitigate malignant transformation.
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Dr. Vinej Somaraj
Reader, Department of Public health Dentistry, Rajas Dental College and hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil nadu.
Dr Mamta Garg
BDS, Guru Nanak dev dental College and research institute, Sunam, Punjab, India.
Dr Deepinder Kaur
BDS, Guru Nanak dev dental College and research institute, Sunam, Punjab, India.
Dr. Rahul Tiwari
MDS, PhD, Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Dr. Heena Dixit
BDS, PGDHHM, MPH, PhD Research Scholar, Department of Medical Health Administration, Index Institute, Malwanchal University, Index City, Nemawar Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh.
Dr Nausheen Sultana
Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad
Dr. Deepak Sharma
Research Supervisor, Department of Medical Health Administration, Index Institute, Malwanchal University, Index City, Nemawar Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh