Circulating microRNA-92a as biomarkers for primary woman breast cancer Iraq population
Main Article Content
Keywords
HDL, TG, TC, VLDL, miRNA, and pri-miRNA
Abstract
MiRNA genes have their own the beginning and end of RNA transcripts and may be intragenic or intergenic. When the host genes' intron sequences match exactly those of the splice-site-containing pre-miRNA, mirtons are created. Processing of Drosha is not necessary for the development of Merton, and they can be generated without it. This study included 75 patients suffering from breast
cancer based on the oncologist confirmation and 50 healthy subjects. Using Friedwald's method, LDL cholesterol may be quantitatively determined from total cholesterol, triglycerides, and the concentration of HDL cholesterol. A The total RNA was extracted from blood samples using a readyto-use reagent (TRI Reagent®; ZYMO RESEARCH; USA). Promega's QuantusTM Fluorometer (USA)and PromegaQuantiFluor® Dye Systems were used for the analysis. Total RNA, quantitative MIR29a gene expression was estimated by real time PCR in patient and control group. The mean level of BMI showed none-significant difference between the patients and control. High Density Lipid (HDL) levels showed a significant higher mean in patients than in control. The MIR29a gene expression levels of patients showed a significantly higher level than those of control. Levels of cancer marker Ca125 showed high levels in patients compared to control.
References
1. Azlan, Adam, Yaashini Rajasegaran, Khor Kang Zi, Aliaa Arina Rosli, Mot Yee Yik, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Olaf Heidenreich, and Emmanuel
Jairaj Moses. 2022. “Elucidating MiRNA Function in Cancer Biology via the Molecular Genetics’ Toolbox.” Biomedicines 2022, Vol. 10, Page 915 10(4):915. doi: 10.3390/BIOMEDICINES10040915.
2. Bray, Freddie, Jacques Ferlay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Rebecca L. Siegel, Lindsey A. Torre, and Ahmedin Jemal. 2018. “Global Cancer
Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” CA: A Cancer Journal
for Clinicians 68(6):394–424. doi: 10.3322/CAAC.21492.
3. Charkhchi, Parsa, Cezary Cybulski, Jacek Gronwald, Fabian Oliver Wong, Steven A. Narod, and Mohammad R. Akbari. 2020. “CA125
and Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.” Cancers 12(12):1–29. doi: 10.3390/CANCERS12123730.
4. Chu, Won Gong, and Dong Won Ryu. 2016. “Clinical Significance of Serum CA15-3 as a Prognostic Parameter during Follow-up Periods
in Patients with Breast Cancer.” Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research 90(2):57. doi: 10.4174/ASTR.2016.90.2.57.
5. Cianflone, Eleonora, Mariangela Scalise, Fabiola Marino, Luca Salerno, Nadia Salerno, Konrad Urbanek, and Daniele Torella. 2022. “The
Negative Regulation of Gene Expression by MicroRNAs as Key Driver of Inducers and Repressors of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation.”
Clinical Science 136(16):1179–1203. doi: 10.1042/CS20220391.
6. Denton, M. 2017. Breast Cancer: Risks, Detection, and Treatment.
7. Falzarano, Renato, Valentina Viggiani, Simona Michienzi, Flavia Longo, Silvestra Tudini, Luigi Frati, and Emanuela Anastasi. 2013. “Evaluation of a CLEIA Automated Assay System for the Detection of a Panel of Tumor Markers.” Tumour Biology : The Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 34(5):3093–3100. doi: 10.1007/S13277-013-0877-X.
8. Fang, Cheng, Yue Cao, Xiaoping Liu, Xian Tao Zeng, and Yirong Li. 2017. “Serum CA125 Is a Predictive Marker for Breast Cancer Outcomes
and Correlates with Molecular Subtypes.” Oncotarget 8(38):63963. doi: 10.18632/ONCOTARGET.19246.
9. Ferlay, Jacques, Hai Rim Shin, Freddie Bray, David Forman, Colin Mathers, and Donald Maxwell Parkin. 2010. “Estimates of Worldwide Burden of Cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008.” International Journal of Cancer 127(12):2893–2917. doi: 10.1002/IJC.25516.
10. Fridrichova, Ivana, and Iveta Zmetakova. 2019. “MicroRNAs Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasiveness.” Cells 8(11). doi: 10.3390/CELLS8111361.
11. Gupta, Anjali, Veeral Saraiya, April Deveaux, Taofik Oyekunle, Klarissa D. Jackson, Omolola Salako, Adetola Daramola, Allison Hall, Olusegun Alatise, Gabriel Ogun, Adewale Adeniyi, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Thomas Olajide, Olalekan Olasehinde, Olukayode Arowolo, Adewale Adisa, Oludolapo Afuwape, Aralola Olusanya, Aderemi Adegoke, Trygve O. Tollefsbol, Donna Arnett, Michael J. Muehlbauer, Christopher B. Newgard, Samuel Ajayi, Yemi Raji, Timothy Olanrewaju, CharlotteOsafo, Ifeoma Ulasi, Adanze Asinobi, Cheryl A. Winkler, David Burke, Fatiu Arogundade, Ivy Ekem, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Manmak Mamven, Michael Mate-kole, Olukemi Amodu, Richard Cooper, Sampson Antwi, Adebowale Adeyemo, Titilayo Ilori, Victoria Adabayeri, Alexander Nyarko, Anita Ghansah, Ernestine Kubi AmosAbanyie, Priscilla Abena Akyaw, Paul L. Kimmel, Babatunde L. Salako, Rulan S. Parekh, Bamidele Tayo, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Michael Boehnke, Robert Lyons, Frank Brosius, Daniel Clauw, Chijioke Adindu, Clement Bewaji, Elliot Koranteng Tannor, Perditer Okyere, Chuba Ijoma, Nicki Tiffin, Junaid Gamiedien, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Charles Odenigbo, Nonyelun Jisieike-Onuigbo, Ifeoma Modebe, Aliyu Abdu, Patience Obiagwu, Ogochukwu Okoye, Adaobi Solarin, Toyin Amira, Christopher Esezobor, Muhammad Makusidi, Santosh Saraf, Victor Gordeuk, Gloria Ashuntangtang, Georgette Guenkam, Folefack Kazi, Olanrewaju Adedoyin, Mignon McCullough, Peter Nourse, Uche Okafor, Emmanuel Anigilaje, Patrick Ikpebe, Tola Odetunde, Ngozi Mbanefo, Wasiu Olowu, Paulina Tindana, Olubenga Awobusuyi, Olugbenga Ogedegbe, Opeyemi Olabisi, Karl Skorecki, Ademola Adebowale, Matthias Kretzler, Jeffrey Hodgin, Dwomoa Adu, Akinlolu Ojo, Vincent Boima, and Tomi Akinyemiju. 2022. “Association of Lipid Profile Biomarkers with Breast Cancer by Molecular Subtype: Analysis of the MEND Study.” Scientific Reports 12(1). doi: 10.1038/S41598-022-13740-X.
12. Kankanala, Vijaya L., and Shiva Kumar R. Mukkamalla. 2022. “Carcinoembryonic Antigen.” StatPearls.
13. Khader, Yousef S., Anwar Batieha, Mohammed El-Khateeb, Mousa Al Omari, and Kamel Ajlouni. 2010. “Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Factors among Jordanian Adults.” Journal of Clinical Lipidology 4(1):53–58. doi: 10.1016/J.JACL.2009.12.004.
14. Kozomara, Ana, Maria Birgaoanu, and Sam Griffiths-Jones. 2019. “MiRBase: From MicroRNA Sequences to Function.” Nucleic
Acids Research 47(Database issue):D155. doi: 10.1093/NAR/GKY1141.
15. Kumie, Getinet, Tadele Melak, and Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes. 2020. “The Association of Serum Lipid Levels with Breast Cancer Risks
Among Women with Breast Cancer at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.” Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy 12:279. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S279291.
16. Lin, Shi Lung, Joseph D. Miller, and Shao Yao Ying. 2006. “Intronic MicroRNA (MiRNA).” Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2006:1–13. doi: 10.1155/JBB/2006/26818.
17. Lin, Shuibin, and Richard I. Gregory. 2015. “MicroRNA Biogenesis Pathways in Cancer.” Nature Reviews. Cancer 15(6):321. doi: 10.1038/NRC3932.
18. Liu, Liang, Hua Xiang Xu, Wen Quan Wang, Chun Tao Wu, Jin Feng Xiang, Chen Liu, Jiang Long, Jin Xu, De Liang Fu, Quan Xing Ni, Courtney W. Houchen, Russell G. Postier, Min Li, and Xian Jun Yu. 2016a. “Serum CA125 Is a Novel Predictive Marker for Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis and Correlates with the MetastasisAssociated Burden.” Oncotarget 7(5):5943–56. doi: 10.18632/ONCOTARGET.6819.
19. Liu, Liang, Hua Xiang Xu, Wen Quan Wang, Chun Tao Wu, Jin Feng Xiang, Chen Liu, Jiang Long, Jin Xu, De Liang Fu, Quan Xing Ni,
Courtney W. Houchen, Russell G. Postier, Min Li, and Xian Jun Yu. 2016b. “Serum CA125 Is a Novel Predictive Marker for Pancreatic Cancer
Metastasis and Correlates with the MetastasisAssociated Burden.” Oncotarget 7(5):5943–56. doi: 10.18632/ONCOTARGET.6819.
20. Loh, Hui Yi, Brendan P. Norman, Kok Song Lai, Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman, Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen, and Mohd Azuraidi Osman. 2019. “The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(19). doi:
10.3390/IJMS20194940.
21. MacFarlane, Leigh-Ann, and Paul R. Murphy. 2010. “MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Cancer.” Current Genomics 11(7):537.
doi: 10.2174/138920210793175895.
22. Mariam, MBB, D. Devi-Int J. Emerg Trends Sci Technol, and undefined 2016. 2016. “The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Postmenopausal Women in Bangalore (Urban Area).” Researchgate.Net. doi: 10.18535/ijetst/v3i03.15.
23. Mudduwa, Lakmini K. B., Gaya B. Wijayaratne, Harshini H. Peiris, Shania N. Gunasekera, Deepthika Abeysiriwardhana, and Nimsha
Liyanage. 2018. “Elevated Pre-Surgical CA15-3: Does It Predict the Short-Term Disease-Free Survival of Breast Cancer Patients without
Distant Metastasis?” International Journal of Women’s Health 10:329. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S162867.
24. O’Brien, Jacob, Heyam Hayder, Yara Zayed, and Chun Peng. 2018. “Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and
Circulation.” Frontiers in Endocrinology 9(AUG):402. doi: 10.3389/FENDO.2018.00402/BIBTEX.
25. Rahimzadeh, Mitra, Ahmad Reza Baghestani, Mahmood Reza Gohari, and Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi. 2014. “Estimation of the Cure
Rate in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients.” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP 15(12):4839–42. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.12.4839.
26. Rodriguez, Antony, Sam Griffiths-Jones, Jennifer L. Ashurst, and Allan Bradley. 2004. “Identification of Mammalian MicroRNA Host
Genes and Transcription Units.” Genome Research 14(10a):1902. doi: 10.1101/GR.2722704.
27. Sethi, Jaswinder K., and Gökhan S. Hotamisligil. 2021. “Metabolic Messengers: Tumour Necrosis Factor.” Nature Metabolism 2021 3:10 3(10):1302–12. doi: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z.
28. Shihab, Najwa, and Mahmood Al-Mualm. 2021. “BCL-2 Gene Expression Association with Breast Cancer Susceptibility of Iraq Population.”
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. doi: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I2.14851.
29. de Sousa-e-Silva, Érika Pereira, Délio Marques Conde, Lúcia Costa-Paiva, Edson Zangiacomi Martinez, and Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto. 2014. “Cardiovascular Risk in Middle-Aged Breast Cancer Survivors: A Comparison between Two Risk Models.” Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia
e Obstetrícia 36(4):157–62. doi: 10.1590/S0100-720320140050.0002.
30. Wang, Gangping, Yan Qin, Junxi Zhang, Jinhui Zhao, Yun’ai Liang, Zuofeng Zhang, Meihua Qin, and Yanqing Sun. 2014. “Nipple Discharge
of CA15-3, CA125, CEA and TSGF as a New Biomarker Panel for Breast Cancer.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15(6):9546. doi: 10.3390/IJMS15069546.
31. Weissglas-Volkov, Daphna, and Päivi Pajukanta. 2010. “Genetic Causes of High and Low Serum HDL-Cholesterol.” Journal of Lipid Research
51(8):2032. doi: 10.1194/JLR.R004739.
32. Wu, San gang, Zhen yu He, Juan Zhou, Jia yuan Sun, Feng yan Li, Qin Lin, Ling Guo, and Huan xin Lin. 2014. “Serum Levels of CEA and CA15-
3 in Different Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Value in Chinese Breast Cancer.” Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) 23(1):88–93. doi:
10.1016/J.BREAST.2013.11.003.
33. Wu, You, Wanyue Shi, Tingting Tang, Yidong Wang, Xin Yin, Yanlin Chen, Yanfeng Zhang, Yun Xing, Yumeng Shen, Tiansong Xia, Changying Guo, Yi Pan, and Liang Jin. 2019. “MiR-29a Contributes to Breast Cancer Cells Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition, Migration, and Invasion via down-Regulating Histone H4K20 Trimethylation through Directly Targeting SUV420H2.” Cell Death & Disease 10(3). doi: 10.1038/S41419-019-1437-0.
34. Yang, Zhaocong, Yanfeng Zhang, Tingting Tang, Qinhua Zhu, Wanyue Shi, Xin Yin, Yun Xing, Yumeng Shen, Yi Pan, and Liang Jin. 2018.
“Transcriptome Profiling of Panc-1 Spheroid Cells with Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells Properties Cultured by a Novel 3D Semi-Solid
System.” Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology 47(5):2109–25. doi: 10.1159/000491479.
35. Zeidler, Maximilian, Alexander Hüttenhofer, Michaela Kress, and Kai K. Kummer. 2020. “Intragenic MicroRNAs Autoregulate Their Host
Genes in Both Direct and Indirect Ways—A Cross-Species Analysis.” Cells 9(1). doi: 10.3390/CELLS9010232.
36. Zhao, Song, Yu Mei, Jianli Wang, Kai Zhang, and Rong Ma. 2016. “Different Levels of CEA, CA153 and CA125 in Milk and Benign and
Malignant Nipple Discharge.” PloS One 11(6). doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0157639.
Jairaj Moses. 2022. “Elucidating MiRNA Function in Cancer Biology via the Molecular Genetics’ Toolbox.” Biomedicines 2022, Vol. 10, Page 915 10(4):915. doi: 10.3390/BIOMEDICINES10040915.
2. Bray, Freddie, Jacques Ferlay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Rebecca L. Siegel, Lindsey A. Torre, and Ahmedin Jemal. 2018. “Global Cancer
Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” CA: A Cancer Journal
for Clinicians 68(6):394–424. doi: 10.3322/CAAC.21492.
3. Charkhchi, Parsa, Cezary Cybulski, Jacek Gronwald, Fabian Oliver Wong, Steven A. Narod, and Mohammad R. Akbari. 2020. “CA125
and Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.” Cancers 12(12):1–29. doi: 10.3390/CANCERS12123730.
4. Chu, Won Gong, and Dong Won Ryu. 2016. “Clinical Significance of Serum CA15-3 as a Prognostic Parameter during Follow-up Periods
in Patients with Breast Cancer.” Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research 90(2):57. doi: 10.4174/ASTR.2016.90.2.57.
5. Cianflone, Eleonora, Mariangela Scalise, Fabiola Marino, Luca Salerno, Nadia Salerno, Konrad Urbanek, and Daniele Torella. 2022. “The
Negative Regulation of Gene Expression by MicroRNAs as Key Driver of Inducers and Repressors of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation.”
Clinical Science 136(16):1179–1203. doi: 10.1042/CS20220391.
6. Denton, M. 2017. Breast Cancer: Risks, Detection, and Treatment.
7. Falzarano, Renato, Valentina Viggiani, Simona Michienzi, Flavia Longo, Silvestra Tudini, Luigi Frati, and Emanuela Anastasi. 2013. “Evaluation of a CLEIA Automated Assay System for the Detection of a Panel of Tumor Markers.” Tumour Biology : The Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 34(5):3093–3100. doi: 10.1007/S13277-013-0877-X.
8. Fang, Cheng, Yue Cao, Xiaoping Liu, Xian Tao Zeng, and Yirong Li. 2017. “Serum CA125 Is a Predictive Marker for Breast Cancer Outcomes
and Correlates with Molecular Subtypes.” Oncotarget 8(38):63963. doi: 10.18632/ONCOTARGET.19246.
9. Ferlay, Jacques, Hai Rim Shin, Freddie Bray, David Forman, Colin Mathers, and Donald Maxwell Parkin. 2010. “Estimates of Worldwide Burden of Cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008.” International Journal of Cancer 127(12):2893–2917. doi: 10.1002/IJC.25516.
10. Fridrichova, Ivana, and Iveta Zmetakova. 2019. “MicroRNAs Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasiveness.” Cells 8(11). doi: 10.3390/CELLS8111361.
11. Gupta, Anjali, Veeral Saraiya, April Deveaux, Taofik Oyekunle, Klarissa D. Jackson, Omolola Salako, Adetola Daramola, Allison Hall, Olusegun Alatise, Gabriel Ogun, Adewale Adeniyi, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Thomas Olajide, Olalekan Olasehinde, Olukayode Arowolo, Adewale Adisa, Oludolapo Afuwape, Aralola Olusanya, Aderemi Adegoke, Trygve O. Tollefsbol, Donna Arnett, Michael J. Muehlbauer, Christopher B. Newgard, Samuel Ajayi, Yemi Raji, Timothy Olanrewaju, CharlotteOsafo, Ifeoma Ulasi, Adanze Asinobi, Cheryl A. Winkler, David Burke, Fatiu Arogundade, Ivy Ekem, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Manmak Mamven, Michael Mate-kole, Olukemi Amodu, Richard Cooper, Sampson Antwi, Adebowale Adeyemo, Titilayo Ilori, Victoria Adabayeri, Alexander Nyarko, Anita Ghansah, Ernestine Kubi AmosAbanyie, Priscilla Abena Akyaw, Paul L. Kimmel, Babatunde L. Salako, Rulan S. Parekh, Bamidele Tayo, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Michael Boehnke, Robert Lyons, Frank Brosius, Daniel Clauw, Chijioke Adindu, Clement Bewaji, Elliot Koranteng Tannor, Perditer Okyere, Chuba Ijoma, Nicki Tiffin, Junaid Gamiedien, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Charles Odenigbo, Nonyelun Jisieike-Onuigbo, Ifeoma Modebe, Aliyu Abdu, Patience Obiagwu, Ogochukwu Okoye, Adaobi Solarin, Toyin Amira, Christopher Esezobor, Muhammad Makusidi, Santosh Saraf, Victor Gordeuk, Gloria Ashuntangtang, Georgette Guenkam, Folefack Kazi, Olanrewaju Adedoyin, Mignon McCullough, Peter Nourse, Uche Okafor, Emmanuel Anigilaje, Patrick Ikpebe, Tola Odetunde, Ngozi Mbanefo, Wasiu Olowu, Paulina Tindana, Olubenga Awobusuyi, Olugbenga Ogedegbe, Opeyemi Olabisi, Karl Skorecki, Ademola Adebowale, Matthias Kretzler, Jeffrey Hodgin, Dwomoa Adu, Akinlolu Ojo, Vincent Boima, and Tomi Akinyemiju. 2022. “Association of Lipid Profile Biomarkers with Breast Cancer by Molecular Subtype: Analysis of the MEND Study.” Scientific Reports 12(1). doi: 10.1038/S41598-022-13740-X.
12. Kankanala, Vijaya L., and Shiva Kumar R. Mukkamalla. 2022. “Carcinoembryonic Antigen.” StatPearls.
13. Khader, Yousef S., Anwar Batieha, Mohammed El-Khateeb, Mousa Al Omari, and Kamel Ajlouni. 2010. “Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Factors among Jordanian Adults.” Journal of Clinical Lipidology 4(1):53–58. doi: 10.1016/J.JACL.2009.12.004.
14. Kozomara, Ana, Maria Birgaoanu, and Sam Griffiths-Jones. 2019. “MiRBase: From MicroRNA Sequences to Function.” Nucleic
Acids Research 47(Database issue):D155. doi: 10.1093/NAR/GKY1141.
15. Kumie, Getinet, Tadele Melak, and Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes. 2020. “The Association of Serum Lipid Levels with Breast Cancer Risks
Among Women with Breast Cancer at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.” Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy 12:279. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S279291.
16. Lin, Shi Lung, Joseph D. Miller, and Shao Yao Ying. 2006. “Intronic MicroRNA (MiRNA).” Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2006:1–13. doi: 10.1155/JBB/2006/26818.
17. Lin, Shuibin, and Richard I. Gregory. 2015. “MicroRNA Biogenesis Pathways in Cancer.” Nature Reviews. Cancer 15(6):321. doi: 10.1038/NRC3932.
18. Liu, Liang, Hua Xiang Xu, Wen Quan Wang, Chun Tao Wu, Jin Feng Xiang, Chen Liu, Jiang Long, Jin Xu, De Liang Fu, Quan Xing Ni, Courtney W. Houchen, Russell G. Postier, Min Li, and Xian Jun Yu. 2016a. “Serum CA125 Is a Novel Predictive Marker for Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis and Correlates with the MetastasisAssociated Burden.” Oncotarget 7(5):5943–56. doi: 10.18632/ONCOTARGET.6819.
19. Liu, Liang, Hua Xiang Xu, Wen Quan Wang, Chun Tao Wu, Jin Feng Xiang, Chen Liu, Jiang Long, Jin Xu, De Liang Fu, Quan Xing Ni,
Courtney W. Houchen, Russell G. Postier, Min Li, and Xian Jun Yu. 2016b. “Serum CA125 Is a Novel Predictive Marker for Pancreatic Cancer
Metastasis and Correlates with the MetastasisAssociated Burden.” Oncotarget 7(5):5943–56. doi: 10.18632/ONCOTARGET.6819.
20. Loh, Hui Yi, Brendan P. Norman, Kok Song Lai, Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman, Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen, and Mohd Azuraidi Osman. 2019. “The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(19). doi:
10.3390/IJMS20194940.
21. MacFarlane, Leigh-Ann, and Paul R. Murphy. 2010. “MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Cancer.” Current Genomics 11(7):537.
doi: 10.2174/138920210793175895.
22. Mariam, MBB, D. Devi-Int J. Emerg Trends Sci Technol, and undefined 2016. 2016. “The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Postmenopausal Women in Bangalore (Urban Area).” Researchgate.Net. doi: 10.18535/ijetst/v3i03.15.
23. Mudduwa, Lakmini K. B., Gaya B. Wijayaratne, Harshini H. Peiris, Shania N. Gunasekera, Deepthika Abeysiriwardhana, and Nimsha
Liyanage. 2018. “Elevated Pre-Surgical CA15-3: Does It Predict the Short-Term Disease-Free Survival of Breast Cancer Patients without
Distant Metastasis?” International Journal of Women’s Health 10:329. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S162867.
24. O’Brien, Jacob, Heyam Hayder, Yara Zayed, and Chun Peng. 2018. “Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and
Circulation.” Frontiers in Endocrinology 9(AUG):402. doi: 10.3389/FENDO.2018.00402/BIBTEX.
25. Rahimzadeh, Mitra, Ahmad Reza Baghestani, Mahmood Reza Gohari, and Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi. 2014. “Estimation of the Cure
Rate in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients.” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP 15(12):4839–42. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.12.4839.
26. Rodriguez, Antony, Sam Griffiths-Jones, Jennifer L. Ashurst, and Allan Bradley. 2004. “Identification of Mammalian MicroRNA Host
Genes and Transcription Units.” Genome Research 14(10a):1902. doi: 10.1101/GR.2722704.
27. Sethi, Jaswinder K., and Gökhan S. Hotamisligil. 2021. “Metabolic Messengers: Tumour Necrosis Factor.” Nature Metabolism 2021 3:10 3(10):1302–12. doi: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z.
28. Shihab, Najwa, and Mahmood Al-Mualm. 2021. “BCL-2 Gene Expression Association with Breast Cancer Susceptibility of Iraq Population.”
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. doi: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I2.14851.
29. de Sousa-e-Silva, Érika Pereira, Délio Marques Conde, Lúcia Costa-Paiva, Edson Zangiacomi Martinez, and Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto. 2014. “Cardiovascular Risk in Middle-Aged Breast Cancer Survivors: A Comparison between Two Risk Models.” Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia
e Obstetrícia 36(4):157–62. doi: 10.1590/S0100-720320140050.0002.
30. Wang, Gangping, Yan Qin, Junxi Zhang, Jinhui Zhao, Yun’ai Liang, Zuofeng Zhang, Meihua Qin, and Yanqing Sun. 2014. “Nipple Discharge
of CA15-3, CA125, CEA and TSGF as a New Biomarker Panel for Breast Cancer.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15(6):9546. doi: 10.3390/IJMS15069546.
31. Weissglas-Volkov, Daphna, and Päivi Pajukanta. 2010. “Genetic Causes of High and Low Serum HDL-Cholesterol.” Journal of Lipid Research
51(8):2032. doi: 10.1194/JLR.R004739.
32. Wu, San gang, Zhen yu He, Juan Zhou, Jia yuan Sun, Feng yan Li, Qin Lin, Ling Guo, and Huan xin Lin. 2014. “Serum Levels of CEA and CA15-
3 in Different Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Value in Chinese Breast Cancer.” Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) 23(1):88–93. doi:
10.1016/J.BREAST.2013.11.003.
33. Wu, You, Wanyue Shi, Tingting Tang, Yidong Wang, Xin Yin, Yanlin Chen, Yanfeng Zhang, Yun Xing, Yumeng Shen, Tiansong Xia, Changying Guo, Yi Pan, and Liang Jin. 2019. “MiR-29a Contributes to Breast Cancer Cells Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition, Migration, and Invasion via down-Regulating Histone H4K20 Trimethylation through Directly Targeting SUV420H2.” Cell Death & Disease 10(3). doi: 10.1038/S41419-019-1437-0.
34. Yang, Zhaocong, Yanfeng Zhang, Tingting Tang, Qinhua Zhu, Wanyue Shi, Xin Yin, Yun Xing, Yumeng Shen, Yi Pan, and Liang Jin. 2018.
“Transcriptome Profiling of Panc-1 Spheroid Cells with Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells Properties Cultured by a Novel 3D Semi-Solid
System.” Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology 47(5):2109–25. doi: 10.1159/000491479.
35. Zeidler, Maximilian, Alexander Hüttenhofer, Michaela Kress, and Kai K. Kummer. 2020. “Intragenic MicroRNAs Autoregulate Their Host
Genes in Both Direct and Indirect Ways—A Cross-Species Analysis.” Cells 9(1). doi: 10.3390/CELLS9010232.
36. Zhao, Song, Yu Mei, Jianli Wang, Kai Zhang, and Rong Ma. 2016. “Different Levels of CEA, CA153 and CA125 in Milk and Benign and
Malignant Nipple Discharge.” PloS One 11(6). doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0157639.
Article Sidebar
Published
Feb 21, 2023
Article Details
How to Cite
Noora Wael Rasheed. (2023). Circulating microRNA-92a as biomarkers for primary woman breast cancer Iraq population. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(1), 344–354. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.1093
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.