PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DEPRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN URBAN SETTINGS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Urban stress, PHQ-9, risk factors, Adolescent depression
Abstract
Background: Academic, social, and family pressures are leading to depression being identified among adolescents in urban settings. Determining its prevalence and related factors is essential in setting mental health preventive measures and school based interventions to decrease long term psychological morbidity in this risk group.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of depression in an adolescent urban population and to examine the demographic, psychosocial, and lifestyle-related risk factors that contribute to the depressive symptomatology in the said population.
Study design: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Place And Duration Of Study: Department Of Psychiatry Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera For Jan 2023 To Jan 2024
Methods: The cross-sectional study conducted in the Department Of Psychiatry Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera For Jan 2023 To Jan 2024.among 100 adolescents aged 13-18 years in urban schools. Depression was screened using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Demographic variables and psychosocial factors data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Analysis was done in SPSS v24.0 with chi-square tests and logistic regression modeling significant associations and predictors of adolescent depression.
Results : There were 216 (54%) female and 60 (46%) male adolescents out of 100. The average age was 15.4 +/- 1.7 years. The total frequency rate of depression was 40.5 percent (n=154). The prevalence rates of mild, moderate, and severe depression were 91 (22.8%), 45 (11.2%), and 18 (4.5) participants, respectively. It was found that female gender (p=0.02), high academic stress (p=0.01), poor parental bonding (p=0.001) and lack of physical activity (p=0.03) were associated with it in statistically significant way.
Conclusion: One in every three adolescents in an urban area gets depression, and the significant predictors of depression are gender, academic pressure, family relationships, and lifestyle behaviors. Based on these results, there is a strong necessity to implement regular mental health screening and prevention efforts in schools. Long-term psychiatric sequelae in urban adolescents can be reduced through tailored counseling interventions and awareness of parents and educators.
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Dr Muhammad kamran khan
Assistant Professor Department of Psychiatry Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera
Dr Khalil Azam
Assistant Professor Department of Psychiatry Nowshera Medical College,Nowshera