COMPARATIVE HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ACUTE VS. CHRONIC LEUKEMIA: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF ROHILKHAND REGION

Abstract

Leukaemia encompasses a heterogeneous group of haematological malignancies characterised by abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. Distinguishing between acute and chronic leukaemia using readily available laboratory parameters remains vital, particularly in resource-limited settings where advanced diagnostics may not be accessible. This study aimed to compare haematological parameters between patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia and those with chronic leukaemia, and to identify key laboratory indicators that could aid in differential diagnosis.  A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with leukaemia at a tertiary care hospital. Patients were categorised into acute and chronic groups based on clinical records. Haematological parameters, including total leukocyte count, red blood cell count, platelet count, differential leukocyte percentages, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, were retrieved from hospital records. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups, with significance determined using appropriate tests.  Patients with acute leukaemia exhibited significantly lower red blood cell and platelet counts, suggestive of bone marrow suppression. Chronic leukaemia cases demonstrated elevated total leukocyte counts and neutrophil predominance. No significant differences were observed in lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, or basophil percentages. A significant age-related difference was also noted, with younger individuals more commonly presenting with acute leukaemia.  Basic haematological parameters provide important diagnostic clues in distinguishing between acute and chronic leukaemia. Their routine evaluation may enhance early clinical decision-making, though future multicentre studies incorporating cytogenetic and molecular markers are warranted.