VISUAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING CATARACT SURGERY WITH INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION

Main Article Content

Dr. Manika jain

Keywords

Cataract surgery, Intraocular lens, Patient satisfaction, Phacoemulsification, Visual outcomes

Abstract

 Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation represents one of the most successful medical interventions globally. Understanding local visual outcomes is essential for quality assurance, patient counseling, and healthcare planning. This study aimed to evaluate visual outcomes following cataract surgery and identify factors associated with postoperative visual acuity achievement.


Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Lord Buddha Koshi Medical College & Hospital from June to December 2022. A total of 170 patients aged 40 years and above undergoing phacoemulsification with IOL implantation were recruited using consecutive sampling. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation included visual acuity assessment, cataract grading, biometry, and comorbidity screening. Primary outcome was achievement of good functional vision (≥20/40) at three months postoperatively. Statistical analysis employed chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression using SPSS version 25.0.


Results: Overall success rate was 83.5% for achieving good functional vision (≥20/40). Excellent visual outcomes included 37.6% achieving 20/20 or better and 45.9% achieving 20/25-20/40 vision. Patient satisfaction was high with 90.6% reporting satisfaction or very high satisfaction. Significant predictors of poor outcomes included advanced age (OR=1.04 per year, p=0.032), dense cataracts (OR=4.26, p=0.001), diabetic retinopathy (OR=3.96, p=0.006), and age-related macular degeneration (OR=5.12, p=0.016). Complication rates remained low with intraoperative complications in 8.2% and postoperative complications in 7.1% of cases. Spectacle independence for distance vision was achieved in 51.8% of patients.


Conclusion: Cataract surgery with IOL implantation demonstrated excellent visual outcomes and high patient satisfaction, meeting international benchmarks. Age, cataract density, and pre-existing ocular comorbidities significantly influenced surgical success, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive preoperative evaluation and appropriate patient selection.

Abstract 53 | Pdf Downloads 8

References

1. Apple, D. J., Solomon, K. D., Tetz, M. R., Assia, E. I., Holland, E. Y., Legler, U. F., ... & Castaneda, V. E. (2001). Posterior capsule opacification. Survey of Ophthalmology, 45(6), 493-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6257(01)00212-4
2. Busbee, B. G., Brown, M. M., Brown, G. C., & Sharma, S. (2002). Cost-utility analysis of cataract surgery in the second eye. Ophthalmology, 109(12), 2310-2317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01363-4
3. Gogate, P., Optom, J. J., Deshpande, M., & Naidoo, K. (2010). Meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology, 17(2), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.63064
4. Jaycock, P., Johnston, R. L., Taylor, H., Adams, M., Tole, D. M., Galloway, P., ... & Sparrow, J. M. (2009). The Cataract National Dataset electronic multi-centre audit of 55,567 operations: updating benchmark standards of care in the United Kingdom and internationally. Eye, 23(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6703015
5. Kelman, C. D. (1967). Phaco-emulsification and aspiration: a new technique of cataract removal. A preliminary report. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 64(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(67)93340-5
6. Kohnen, T., Nuijts, R., Levy, P., Haefliger, E., & Alfonso, J. F. (2009). Visual function after bilateral implantation of apodized diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lenses with a +3.0 D addition. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 35(12), 2062-2069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.08.013
7. Lamoureux, E. L., Fenwick, E., Pesudovs, K., & Tan, D. (2011). The impact of cataract surgery on quality of life. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, 22(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283414284
8. Linebarger, E. J., Hardten, D. R., Shah, G. K., & Lindstrom, R. L. (1999). Phacoemulsification and modern cataract surgery. Survey of Ophthalmology, 44(2), 123-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00085-5
9. Lundström, M., Goh, P. P., Henry, Y., Salowi, M. A., Barry, P., Manning, S., ... & Stenevi, U. (2012). The changing pattern of cataract surgery indications: a 5-year study of 2 cataract surgery databases. Ophthalmology, 119(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.014
10. Lundström, M., Barry, P., Henry, Y., Rosen, P., & Stenevi, U. (2013). Evidence-based guidelines for cataract surgery: guidelines based on data in the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery (EUREQUO). Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 39(12), 1789-1814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.07.049
11. Lundström, M., Manning, S., Barry, P., Henry, Y., Rosen, P., & Stenevi, U. (2015). The European registry of quality outcomes for cataract and refractive surgery (EUREQUO): a database study of trends in volumes, surgical techniques and outcomes of refractive surgery. Eye, 29(9), 1186-1192. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2015.115
12. Pager, C. K., McCluskey, P. J., & Retsas, C. (2004). Cataract surgery in Australia: a profile of patient-centred outcomes. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 32(4), 388-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2004.00847.x
13. Pascolini, D., & Mariotti, S. P. (2012). Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 96(5), 614-618. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300539
14. Sparrow, J. M., Taylor, H., Qureshi, K., Smith, R., Birnie, K., Johnston, R. L., & The UK EPR User Group. (2011). The cataract national dataset electronic multicentre audit of 55,567 operations: risk stratification for posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss. Eye, 25(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.139
15. Steinberg, E. P., Tielsch, J. M., Schein, O. D., Javitt, J. C., Sharkey, P., Cassard, S. D., ... & Steinwachs, D. M. (1994). The VF-14: an index of functional impairment in patients with cataract. Archives of Ophthalmology, 112(5), 630-638. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1994.01090170074026
16. Steinert, R. F. (2010). Cataract surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences, 3rd edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-5300-9.00001-6
17. Thanigasalam, T., Reddy, S. C., & Zaki, R. A. (2015). Factors associated with complications and postoperative visual outcomes of cataract surgery; a study of 1,632 cases. Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research, 10(4), 375-384. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-322X.176909
18. Venkatesh, R., Tan, C. S., Sengupta, S., Ravindran, R. D., Krishnan, K. T., & Chang, D. F. (2005). Phacoemulsification versus manual small-incision cataract surgery for white cataract. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 31(10), 1882-1889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.04.027
19. Zhao, J., Sui, R., Jia, L., & Fletcher, E. L. (2014). Visual acuity and quality of life outcomes in patients with cataract or cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 42(4), 333-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12160