NOVEL APPROACHES IN EARLY DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA.

Abstract

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, often progressing asymptomatically until significant visual field loss occurs. Early detection and timely intervention are paramount to preserving vision and maintaining patient quality of life. This abstract explores novel approaches in both the diagnostic and therapeutic landscapes of POAG, moving beyond traditional tonometry and perimetry. On the diagnostic front, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are revolutionizing ocular imaging analysis, enabling the identification of subtle structural and functional changes indicative of early disease. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) offers unprecedented insights into retinal microvasculature, providing potential biomarkers for disease progression even before conventional signs manifest. Furthermore, genetic testing and personalized risk stratification are becoming increasingly sophisticated, allowing for targeted screening and proactive monitoring of high-risk individuals. Regarding management, the focus is shifting towards personalized and patient-centric therapies. While topical hypotensive medications remain the cornerstone, novel drug delivery systems, such as sustained-release implants and gene therapies, promise improved adherence and sustained intraocular pressure control with fewer side effects. Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (MIGS) are gaining prominence as earlier surgical interventions, offering a safer profile and faster recovery compared to traditional incisional surgeries, thereby potentially delaying or obviating the need for more invasive procedures. This review highlights the synergistic potential of these innovations to transform POAG care, facilitating earlier diagnosis, more effective and personalized treatment strategies, and ultimately, better visual outcomes for patients.