EVOLVING TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR COMMON GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGICAL, SURGICAL, AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE INTERVENTIONS.

Abstract

Common gynecological disorders significantly impact women's health and quality of life globally. This comprehensive review synthesizes current literature on the evolving treatment modalities for prevalent gynecological conditions, including menstrual disorders, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Historically, treatment primarily involved surgical interventions. However, recent decades have witnessed substantial advancements across pharmacological, surgical, and minimally invasive approaches, offering a broader spectrum of patient-tailored options. Pharmacological innovations, such as novel hormonal therapies and targeted pain management strategies, provide effective non-surgical alternatives for conditions like dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and endometriosis. Concurrently, surgical techniques have advanced significantly, with traditional open procedures increasingly being replaced by minimally invasive interventions. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are now standard for many conditions, offering reduced recovery times and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, robotic-assisted surgery enhances precision for complex cases, while uterine artery embolization presents a less invasive option for fibroids. The review highlights the shift towards personalized medicine, balancing symptom control, fertility preservation, and minimizing patient morbidity. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in patient adherence, long-term management of chronic conditions, and ensuring equitable access to specialized care. Future directions emphasize integrating these diverse modalities for optimal patient benefit and addressing persistent healthcare disparities.