IMPACT OF SMOKING ON SURVIVAL RATES IN ORAL CAVITY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA PATIENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, smoking, survival rates, disease-free survival, recurrence, smoking cessation
Abstract
Introduction: Prevalent oral cavity cancer with specific reference to Squamous cell carcinoma which is closely related to smoking prevalence. It has also been shown that smoking leads to poor survival rates and higher recurrence in OSCC survivors.
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of smoking on survival rates in OSCC patients, focusing on overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence rates.
Materials and Method: This research was a descriptive study conducted at Department of Oral Pathology, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan from July, 2024 to December, 2024. The subjects comprised 150 OSCC patients divided into current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers. Clinicopathologic factors were analysed using chi square and t test methods whereas for the survival and recurrence data Kaplan-Meier survival curves and cox regression modes were used.
Results: Current cigarette smokers had the worst 5-year OS rate of 45% compared to 60% in former smokers and 70% in never smokers and the DFS rate of 35% compared to 50% and 65% for former and never smokers respectively.
References
2. Uddin, S., Singh, A., Mishra, V., Agrawal, N., Gooi, Z. and Izumchenko, E., 2022. Molecular drivers of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in non-smoking and non-drinking patients: what do we know so far?. Oncology Reviews, 16(1), p.549.
3. Nokovitch, L., Maquet, C., Crampon, F., Taihi, I., Roussel, L.M., Obongo, R., Virard, F., Fervers, B. and Deneuve, S., 2023. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma risk factors: state of the art. Journal of clinical medicine, 12(9), p.3264.
4. Lee, J.J., Kunaratnam, V., Kim, C.J., Pienkowski, M., Hueniken, K., Sahovaler, A., Lam, A.C., Davies, J.C., Brown, C.M., De Almeida, J.R. and Huang, S.H., 2023. Cigarette smoking cessation, duration of smoking abstinence, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Cancer, 129(6), pp.867-877.
5. Eloranta, R., Vilén, S.T., Keinänen, A., Salo, T., Qannam, A., Bello, I.O. and Snäll, J., 2024. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Effect of tobacco and alcohol on cancer location. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 22, pp.10-18332.
6. Choi, Y.S., Kim, M.G., Lee, J.H., Park, J.Y. and Choi, S.W., 2022. Analysis of prognostic factors through survival rate analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated at the National Cancer Center: 20 years of experience. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 48(5), pp.284-291.
7. Deneuve, S., Guerlain, J., Dupret-Bories, A., Majoufre, C., Philouze, P., Ceruse, P., Perreard, M., Sigaud, N., Barry, B., Ransy, P. and Schultz, P., 2022. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas in young patients according to their smoking status: a GETTEC study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, pp.1-10.
8. Dong, L., Xue, L., Cheng, W., Tang, J., Ran, J. and Li, Y., 2024. Comprehensive survival analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing initial radical surgery. BMC Oral Health, 24(1), p.919.
9. Tran, Q., Maddineni, S., Arnaud, E.H., Divi, V., Megwalu, U.C., Topf, M.C. and Sunwoo, J.B., 2023. Oral cavity cancer in young, non-smoking, and non-drinking patients: A contemporary review. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 190, p.104112.
10. Adeoye, J., Hui, L., Tan, J.Y., Koohi-Moghadam, M., Choi, S.W. and Thomson, P., 2021. Prognostic value of non-smoking, non-alcohol drinking status in oral cavity cancer. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(12), pp.6909-6918.
11. Zhou, P., Yeshoua, B.J., Konuthula, N., Pan, C.J., Ferrandino, R.M., Holte, S.E., Rizvi, Z., Marchiano, E.M., Futran, N.D. and Barber, B.R., 2025. Association of Oral Health Determinants With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Never‐Smoking Adults. Head & Neck.
12. Chow, J.C., Cheuk, W., Cho, W.C., Wong, C.F., Au, D.W., Tam, A.H., Wong, R.C., Chan, J.C., Law, S.C., Ngan, R.K. and Wong, K.H., 2023. Comparison of clinical outcomes, pathologic characteristics, and immune-related features of postradiation vs sporadic oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA Network Open, 6(7), pp.e2323890-e2323890.
13. Bakshi, J., Kaur, N., Tiwana, H., Verma, R.K., Panda, N.K. and Patro, S.K., 2023. Survival analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients attending tertiary care centre of North India. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, pp.1-9.
14. Yagyuu, T., Funayama, N., Imada, M. and Kirita, T., 2021. Effect of smoking status and programmed death-ligand 1 expression on the microenvironment and malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One, 16(4), p.e0250359.
15. Lin, N.C., Hsien, S.I., Hsu, J.T. and Chen, M.Y., 2021. Impact on patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in different anatomical subsites: a single-center study in Taiwan. Scientific Reports, 11(1), p.15446.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Gulmeena Masood
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Rehman College of Dentistry, KPK, Pakistan
Muhammad Wajahat Ghafoor Chaudhary
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan
Anila Anbreen
Demonstrator/ Dental Surgeon Nishtar Institute of Dentistry Multan, Pakistan
Abdul Samad Gichki
Associate Professor & HOD of Oral Medicine, Dental College, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
Sadaf Raffi
Assistant Professor, Oral Medicine Department, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Alamgir
Associate Professor, Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi, Pakistan