CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENT WITH AMITRAZ COMPOUND INTOXICATION ATTENDING EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
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Keywords
Amitraz poisoning, α2-adrenergic agonist, pesticide toxicity, emergency medicine, clinical profile.
Abstract
Background: Amitraz, a formamidine pesticide, has seen increasing use in veterinary and agricultural sectors. Cases of Amitraz poisoning have been rising, often mimicking symptoms of organophosphorus or clonidine toxicity. Despite its clinical significance, there is limited data on Amitraz poisoning in southern India.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical profile, complications, and treatment outcomes of patients presenting with Amitraz poisoning at a tertiary care facility.
Methods: Conducted as a prospective observational study at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, over 18 months (July 2019 to December 2019), the study included 50 adult patients with confirmed Amitraz ingestion. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, management, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS v21.0.
Results: The 18–30 age group represented the majority (52%), with males constituting 66% of the cohort. Farmers were most affected (44%). Suicidal ingestion accounted for 96% of cases. Vomiting (90%) was the predominant symptom, followed by nausea (66%) and dizziness (50%). Bradycardia occurred in 10%, tachycardia in 26%, and hypotension in 24%. Pupillary changes were noted in 42% of cases. Hyperglycemia and glycosuria were observed in 12% each. ABG analysis showed respiratory alkalosis in 6% and metabolic acidosis in 6%. Fourteen percent required ventilatory support.
Conclusion: Amitraz toxicity primarily impacts young adult males via suicidal ingestion. Common manifestations are gastrointestinal and autonomic. While severe complications are infrequent, timely supportive care is critical for favorable outcomes.
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Shrijaa P
Department of General Medicine, Swamy Vivekanandha Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.
Mala Mahalakshmi J
Department of General Medicine, Swamy Vivekanandha Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.
Arthanareeswaran S
Department of General Medicine, Swamy Vivekanandha Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.