INVESTMENT CASE FOR INTEGRATED MALARIA CONTROL IN RWANDA – INTERVENTION EFFICACY, CHALLENGES AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Abstract
Malaria presents a persistent public health challenge in Rwanda, exhibiting fluctuating incidence despite substantial investments in control interventions. This paper synthesizes recent analyses concerning the impact of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and emerging vaccine strategies. Integrating epidemiological data, cost-effectiveness projections, and vector ecology findings, we deliver a comprehensive overview of Rwanda’s malaria control landscape up to 2022. Results indicate that integrated interventions, particularly LLINs and IRS, have driven notable reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality. However, challenges persist due to climate variability, insecticide resistance, and underdiagnosis in school-age children. Pragmatic recommendations for sustaining and augmenting malaria control efforts are discussed, emphasizing innovative strategies and adaptive measures to ensure continued progress toward malaria elimination.
References
2. DCP3 Journal of Infectious Diseases. Chapter 13 Malaria Control, Dcp-3.org. (2018). Major Infectious Diseases | DCP3. $$online] Available at: http://dcp-3.org/infectiousdiseases
3. Oduwole, H.K., et al. (2023). Mathematical assessment of the role of intervention programs for malaria control. PLOS Computational Biology, 19(12), e1011740. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011740
4. Goodman, C., Coleman, P., & Mills, A. (1999). Cost-effectiveness of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet, 354(9176), 378–385.
5. Sauboin, C., Van Bellinghen, L.-A., Van De Velde, N., & Van Vlaenderen, I. (2019). Economic Impact of Introducing the RTS,S Malaria Vaccine: Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis in 41 Countries. MDM Policy & Practice, 4(2),
6. Karema, C., et al. (2020). History of malaria control in Rwanda: implications for future elimination in Rwanda and other malaria-endemic countries. Malaria Journal, 19, 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03463-0
7. Hakizimana, E., et al. (2017). Characterization of malaria vectors in Huye District, Southern Rwanda. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 19(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v19i3.6
8. Lee, J., et al. (2025). Smartphone conjunctiva photography for malaria risk stratification in school-age children. npj Digital Medicine, 8, Article 48. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01548-8
9. www.equist.info. (n.d.). EQUIST - Dashboard. $$online] Available at: https://www.equist.info/en/pages/dashboard
10. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (2017). GBD Compare | IHME Viz Hub. $$online] Healthdata.org. Available at: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/
11. Reversing the Incidence of Malaria 2000-2015. (WHO) (n.d.). $$online] Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/184521/9789241509442_eng.pdf?ua=1?sequence=1
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Devashree Shukla
NYU School of Global Public Health, Email: ds6594@nyu.edu