EXPRESSION OF mRNA-31 AS A POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Submucous fibrosis, MicroRNA 31, qRT-PCR, Salivary biomarkers
Abstract
Background:
The death toll attributed to oral cancer ranks high in underdeveloped nations. Oral submucous fibrosis evolves into oral carcinoma in most cases. The oral cavity remains accessible for direct examination yet many cancers are detected only in late stages thus decreasing treatment opportunities during surgery. The investigation began by examining miR-31 levels in saliva samples. The study evaluated how miR-31 acts as an oncogene while analyzing its diagnostic potential.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Ziauddin University's department of oral diagnosis and the Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine. We used qRT-PCR on 100 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 70 years to assess salivary miRNA-31 expression between controls (50) and patients. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected using the passive drooling technique. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS-24.
Results: The results of our study have revealed high expression levels of miRNA-31 in OSCC and OSMF as compared to the control group. The median fold change of miRNA-31 was 7.94 in OSCC, 3.24 in OSMF as compared to controls. In relation to the tumor grading and site the median fold of microRNA31 is higher (median=36.39) in well differentiated and in lower lip (median=39.39)
Conclusion: Results showing elevated miRNA-31 expression in specimens from OSMF and OSCC patients suggest its potential as a diagnostic tool to detect these cancers at their initial stages through salivary analysis.
References
2. Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Li B, Huang Z, Qin S, Nice EC, Tang J, Huang C. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. International journal of oral science. 2023 Sep 22;15(1):44. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-023-00249-w
3. Kumari P, Syed SA, Wahid M, Qureshi MA, Kumar R. Expression of miR-31 in saliva-liquid biopsy in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2021 Oct 1;16(5):733-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.03.007
4. Yuwanati M, Ramadoss R, Kudo Y, Ramani P, Senthil Murugan M. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among areca nut chewers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Oral diseases. 2023 Jul;29(5):1920-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14235
5. Peng QS, Cheng YN, Zhang WB, et al. circRNA_0000140 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma growth and metastasis by targeting miR-31 to inhibit Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(1):112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-2273-y
6. Menini M, De Giovanni E, Bagnasco F, Delucchi F, Pera F, Baldi D, Pesce P. Salivary micro-RNA and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Journal of personalized medicine. 2021 Feb 4;11(2):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020101
7. Lin X, Wu W, Ying Y, Luo J, Xu X, Zheng L, Wu W, Yang S, Zhao S. MicroRNA-31: a pivotal oncogenic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Discovery. 2022 Mar 29;8(1):140.
8. Osan C, Chira S, Nutu AM, Braicu C, Baciut M, Korban SS, Berindan-Neagoe I. The connection between MicroRNAs and oral cancer pathogenesis: emerging biomarkers in oral cancer management. Genes. 2021 Dec 15;12(12):1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121989
9. Mohtasham N, Ghorbani Z, Ayatollahi H, et al. Serum mir-31-5p is a reliable biomarker in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral lichen planus. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2024;25:77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-024-00531-4
10. Michela B. Liquid Biopsy: A Family of Possible Diagnostic Tools. Diagnostics. 2021;11(8):1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081391
11. Dikova V, Jantus-Lewintre E, Bagan J. Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med. 2021;10(8):1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081658
12. Chang YA, Weng SL, Yang SF, Chou CH, Huang WC, Tu SJ, Chang TH, Huang CN, Jong YJ, Huang HD. A three–microRNA signature as a potential biomarker for the early detection of oral cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 5;19(3):758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030758
13. Bayraktar E, Bayraktar R, Oztatlici H, Lopez-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodriguez-Aguayo C. Targeting miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs as a therapeutic approach: an update. Non-coding RNA. 2023 Apr 13;9(2):27.
14. Basharat S, Shaikh BT, Rashid HU, Rashid M. Correction to: Health seeking behaviour, delayed presentation and its impact among oral cancer patients in Pakistan: a retrospective qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):835. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4716-7
15. Lu Z, He Q, Liang J, Li W, Su Q, Chen Z, et al. miR-31-5p is a potential circulating biomarker and therapeutic target for oral cancer. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2019;16:471-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.03.012
16. Reis MG, Lopes LC, Sanches AB, Guimarães NS, Martins-Chaves RR. Diet and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Sep 10;21(9):1199.
17. Khan O, Shaikh AH, Ahmed S, Naz S, Memon R, Baig QA. Evaluating the effects of frequency and duration of tobacco use on oral mucosa in patients visiting Hamdard University Dental Hospital.
18. Warnakulasuriya S, Kerr AR. Oral cancer screening: past, present, and future. J Dent Res. 2021 Nov;100(12):1313-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/002203452110147
19. Lipsky MS, Su S, Crespo CJ, Hung M. Men and Oral Health: A Review of Sex and Gender Differences. Am J Men’s Health. 2021;15(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883211016361
20. Salehiniya H, Raei M. Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: an epidemiological review. Biomed Res Ther. 2020;7(8):3898-905. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v7i8.619
21. Pradhan D, Mehta T, Srivastava A, Patel D, Dash KC, Hittalamani V, Makkad RS. Evaluation of the Importance of Genetic Polymorphisms in Genes Expressing Cancer-Metabolizing Enzymes (Cyp1a1 and Gstm1) in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024;16(Suppl 3):S2785-S2787. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_413_24
22. Bhat MY, Advani J, Rajagopalan P, Patel K, Nanjappa V, Solanki HS, et al. Cigarette smoke and chewing tobacco alter expression of different sets of microRNAs in oral keratinocytes. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):7040. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25498-2
23. Uma Maheswari TN, Nivedhitha MS, Ramani P. Expression profile of salivary micro RNA-21 and 31 in oral potentially malignant disorders. Braz Oral Res. 2020 Feb 10;34:e002.
24. Uma Maheswari TN, Nivedhitha MS, Ramani P. Expression profile of salivary micro RNA-21 and 31 in oral potentially malignant disorders. Brazilian oral research. 2020 Feb 10;34:e002. https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-3175.2020.e002
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Saba Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi
Dr. Eid Muhammad
Senior Lecturer, Oral Pathology, Quetta College of Dentistry, Quetta, Pakistan
Dr. Uzma Zareef
Professor, Oral Pathology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi Pakistan
Dr. Dinaz Ghandhi
Associate Professor, Head of Oral & Maxillofacial Department, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi Pakistan
Dr. Muhammad Saqib
Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi Pakistan
Dr. Humera Akhlaq
Associate Professor Oral Pathology, Sindh institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi Pakistan