DETERMINATION OF CASEOUS NECROSIS TO LYMPHOCYTE DENSITY IN HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM AGAINST MYCOBACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Bacterial infection, Inflammatory response, Diagnostic tool, Frequency analysis, Lymphocytes
Abstract
In mycobacterium infection, the characteristics of necrosis and inflammatory cells vary among host species and its hallmark in the diagnosis of a particular infectious disease remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize the morphological features of caseous necrosis with lymphocytes against mycobacterial pathogens in humans and animals. During this study, a total of 126 extrapulmonary tissue samples, and demographic data of individuals and animals suspected of mycobacterium infection in the Faisalabad district were collected and processed further at Al-Shifa Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Faisalabad. In the results, the frequency analysis (%) showed that there were 21, 46, 38, and 21 Mycobacterium (MB) positive individuals in the 20-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 age groups. The maximum number of MB-positive individuals were in the 31-40 age group with a maximum number of females and males were more in the 41-50 age group. The presence of caseation necrosis in 110 (88%) individuals. The examination of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides revealed the presence of caseation in 22 (88%) and 3 (12%) showed no caseation. It is concluded that the host immune response is manifested with the development of caseation necrosis with lymphocyte density and is an applicable comprehensive approach to comparing histopathological markers in both animals and humans.
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2. Bashorun AO, Linda C, Omoleke S, et al., 2020. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards tuberculosis in Gambia: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 20: 1-13.
3. Carabalí-Isajar ML, Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Amado T, et al., 2023. Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39:206-212.
4. Chakaya J, Khan M, Ntoumi F, et at., 2021. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020: Reflections on the Global TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts. Int J Infect Dise 1(113):7-12.
5. Chauhan A, Parmar M, Dash GC, et al., 2023. The prevalence of tuberculosis infection in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Medi Res 157:135-151.
6. Faiza W, Tabinda R, Khadija S, et al., 2022. Latest trends in diagnosis of tuberculosis; A Review. Prof Med J 29:1106–1111.
7. Gouda K, Das U and Dhangadamajhi G, 2021. Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis compared to GeneXpert in a tertiary health care center in Northern Odisha, India. Indian J Tuberculosis 68:437-444.
8. Kahase D, Solomon A, and Alemayehu M, 2020. Evaluation of peripheral blood parameters of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: comparative Study. J Blood Medi 1:115-21.
9. Kalscheuer R, Palacios A, Anso I, et al., 2019. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis capsule: a cell structure with key implications in pathogenesis. Biochem J 476(14):1995-2016.
10. Kumar G and Kapoor S, 2023. Targeting mycobacterial membranes and membrane proteins: progress and limitations. Bioorgan Medici Chem 11:117212.
11. Law I, Floyd K, Abukaraig EAB, et al., 2020. National tuberculosis prevalence surveys in Africa during 2008–2016: an overview of results and lessons learned. Tropical Med Inter Healt 25(11):1308-1327.
12. Müller B, Dürr S, Alonso S, et al., 2013. Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-induced tuberculosis in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 19(6):899-908.
13. Noviyani A, Nopsopon T and Pongpirul K, 2021. Variation of tuberculosis prevalence across diagnostic approaches and geographical areas of Indonesia. PLoS One 16(10):0258809.
14. Nyarko RO, Prakash A, Kumar N, et al., 2021. Tuberculosis is a globalized disease. Asian J Pharma Res Develop 9(1):198-201.
15. Obeagu EI and Onuoha EC, 2023. Tuberculosis among HIV patients: a review of Prevalence and Associated Factors. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci 10(9):128-134.
16. Orgeur M, Sous C, Madacki J, et al., 2024. Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 48(2):fuae006.
17. Pepperell CS, 2022. Evolution of Tuberculosis Pathogenesis. Annual Review Microbiol 8(76):661-80.
18. Li R, Liu S, Zhang Y, et al., 2023. A high proportion of caseous necrosis, abscess, and granulation tissue formation in spinal tuberculosis. Frontiers in Microbiology 14:1230572.
19. Rojas-Espinosa O, Arce-Mendoza AY, Islas-Trujillo S, et al., 2023. Necrosis, netosis, and apoptosis in pulmonary tuberculosis and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clues from the patient's serum. Tuberculosis 143:102426.
20. Rolo M, González-Blanco B, Reyes CA, et al., 2023. Epidemiology and factors associated with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in a low prevalence area. J Clinic Tuberculosis Mycobac Dis 32:100377.
21. Saini V, Chinta KC, Reddy VP, et al., 2020. Hydrogen sulfide stimulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis respiration, growth and pathogenesis. Nature Communications 11(1):557-563.
22. Salari N, Kanjoori AH, Hosseinian-Far A, et al., 2023. Global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 12(1):57-63.
23. Sawyer AJ, Patrick E, Edwards J, et al., 2023. Spatial mapping reveals granuloma diversity and histopathological superstructure in human tuberculosis. J Experimnt Medi 220(6):e20221392.
24. Singh H and Ramamohan V, 2020.A model-based investigation into urban-rural disparities in tuberculosis treatment outcomes under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in India. Plos One 15(2):e0228712.
25. Trajman A, 2024. The social drivers of tuberculosis, reconfirmed. Lancet Infect Diseases 24(1):5-6.
26. Winchell CG, Nyquist SK, Chao MC, et al., 2023. CD8+ lymphocytes are critical for early control of tuberculosis in macaques. J Experiment Medicine, 220(12):2023070e.
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Published
Apr 18, 2025
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How to Cite
Faiza Wattoo, Farhan Javed, Tabinda Roheen, & Khadija Saleem. (2025). DETERMINATION OF CASEOUS NECROSIS TO LYMPHOCYTE DENSITY IN HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM AGAINST MYCOBACTERIAL PATHOGENS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(3), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.53555/738mm984
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Author Biographies
Faiza Wattoo
Assistant Professor, University Medical and Dental College, University of Faisalabad
Farhan Javed
Assistant Professor, University Medical and Dental College, University of Faisalabad
Tabinda Roheen
Associate Professor, Madeena Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad
Khadija Saleem
Associate Professor, University Medical and Dental College, University of Faisalabad
How to Cite
Faiza Wattoo, Farhan Javed, Tabinda Roheen, & Khadija Saleem. (2025). DETERMINATION OF CASEOUS NECROSIS TO LYMPHOCYTE DENSITY IN HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM AGAINST MYCOBACTERIAL PATHOGENS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(3), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.53555/738mm984