Association of some biochemical parameters and blood pressure among males with hypertension in the camps of Nineveh province-Iraq
Main Article Content
Keywords
amino acids composition;, hypertension;, electrolytes;, Total lipid
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a significant public health problem that affects people all over the world. Various epidemiologic researches have been conducted to reveal the relationship between hypertension and several biochemical markers. The goal of this project was to investigate the electrolytes, glucose, total protein, and lipid profile in people with normal and high blood pressure. Materials and Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, a case-control study was done. Two hundred and eigh-teen males, age ranging from 30 to 70, took part in the study. The conventional flame photometric method was used to evaluate serum electrolytes, whereas kits from Biolab Company’s kits were used to quantify serum calcium, serum glucose, and lipid profile.
Results: When compared to normotension males, hypertension males had considerably greater salt, chlo-ride, and potassium levels in their blood, but no significant variations in calcium levels. When compared to normotension males, hypertension individuals had considerably higher mean glucose, total cholesterol, low, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Many amino acids were identified in the blood of male hypertension patients, consisting of leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, histidine, glycine, arginine, alanine, methionine, valine, and phenylalanine.
Conclusions: In this group, hypertension males have a different lipid and electrolyte profile than normo-tensive males.
Results: When compared to normotension males, hypertension males had considerably greater salt, chlo-ride, and potassium levels in their blood, but no significant variations in calcium levels. When compared to normotension males, hypertension individuals had considerably higher mean glucose, total cholesterol, low, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Many amino acids were identified in the blood of male hypertension patients, consisting of leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, histidine, glycine, arginine, alanine, methionine, valine, and phenylalanine.
Conclusions: In this group, hypertension males have a different lipid and electrolyte profile than normo-tensive males.
References
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27.Soppi E, Viikari J, Seppala P, Lehtonen A,Saarinen R, Miilunpalo S. Unusual associationof hyperkalemia and hypertension. Hypertension.1986;8:174–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.8.2.174
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33.Wang L, Bautista LE. Serum bilirubin and risk ofhypertension. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(1):142–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu242
2.Al-Muhana FA, Larbi EB, Al-Ali AK, Al-Sultan A,Al-Ateeq S, Soweilem I, Hematological, lipid pro-file and other biochemical parameters in normaland hypertensive subjects among the populationof the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. EastAfrican med 2006;83(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v83i1.9360
3.Ali RS, W. chassab Hmood, M. A.-w. Alsirrag.Preparation of dried children food mixes fromlocally vegetable sources and estimation of their amino and fatty acids content. IOP Conf Series Mater Sci Eng. 2019;571(1):012101.https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/571/1/012101
4.Altorf-van der Kuil W, Engberink MF, De Neve M,van Rooij FJ, Hofman A, vant Veer P, et al. Dietaryamino acids and the risk of hypertension in a Dutcholder population: the Rotterdam study. Am J ClinNutr. 2013;97(2):403–410. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.038737
5.Anjum R, Zahra N, Rehman K, Alam R, Parveen A, Tariq M, et al. Comparative analysis of serum lipidprofile between normotensive and hypertensivePakistani pregnant women. J Mol Genet Med. 2013;7:64. https://doi.org/10.4172/1747-0862.1000064
6.Aounallah-Skhiri H, El Ati J, Traissac P,Ben Romdhane H, Eymard-Duvernay S, Delpeuch F,et al. Blood pressure and associated factors ina North African adolescent population. A nationalcross-sectional study in Tunisia. BMC PublicHealth. 2012;12(1):98–100. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-98
7.Bambara R, Mittal Y, Mathur A. Evaluation oflipid profile of North Indian hypertensive subjects.Asian ] Biomed Sci. 2013;3:38–41.
8.Dahl-Lassen R, van Hecke J, Jørgensen H, Bukh C,Andersen B, Schjoerring JK. High-throughputanalysis of amino acids in plant materials by singlequadrupole mass spectrometry. Plant Methods.2018;14(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0277-8
9.Denton D, Weisinger R, Mundy NI, Wickings EJ,Dixson A, Moisson P, et al. The effect of increasedsalt intake on blood pressure of chimpanzees.Nat Med. 1995;1:1009–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1095-1009
10.Elliott P, Kesteloot H, Lawrence JA, Alan RD,Hirotsugu U, Queenie C, et al. Dietary phosphorusand blood pressure Hypertension. 2008;51:669.https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.103747
11.Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DSEstimation of the concentration of low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without useof the preparative ultracentrifuge Clin Chem.1972;18(6):499–502. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499
12.Guyton AD, Coleman TG, Cowley AW Jr,Scheel KW, Manning RD, Norman RA. Arterialpressure regulation: Overriding dominance of thekidneys in long‐term regulation and in hyperten-sion. Am J Med. 1982;52:584–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(72)90050-2
13.Harvey JM Beevers DG. Biochemical investiga-tion of hypertension. Ann clin. Biochem. 1990;27:287–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/000456329002700403
14.Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. Intersalt:An international study of electrolyte excretion andblood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodiumand potassium excretion. Br Med J.1988;297:319–28. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6644.319
15.Jennings A, MacGregor A, Welch A, Chowienczyk P, Spector T, Cassidy A.Amino acid intakes areinversely associated with arterial stiffness and centralblood pressure in women. J Nutr. 2015;145(9):2130–8.https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.214700
16.Karthikeyan G, Teo KK, Islam S, McQueen MJ,Pais P, Wang X, et al. Lipid profile, plasma apolipo-proteins, and risk of a first myocardial infarctionamong Asians: An analysis from the INTERHEARTStudy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(3):244–53.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.041
17.Khaled M, Abd Elaziz A, Dewedar S, SabbourSahar M, EL Gafaary MM, Marzouk D, et al.Screening for hypertension among adults: communityoutreach in Cairo, Egypt. Public Health. 2014;37(4):701–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdu085
18.Kosch M, Hausberg M, Barenbrock M,Posadzy-Malaczynska A, Rahn K H, Kisters K.Increased membranous calcium concentrations inprimary hypertension: A causal link to pathogene-sis? J Hum Hypertens. 2001;15(1):3740. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001121
19.Lever AF, Beretta-Piccoli C, Brown JJ, Davies DL,Fraser R, Robertson JIS. Sodium and potassiumin essential hypertension. Brit Med J. 1981;283:463–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.283.6289.463
20.Li YC, Li Y, Liu LY, Chen Y, Zi TQ, Du SS et al.The ratio of dietary branched-chain amino acids isassociated with a lower prevalence of obesity inyoung Northern Chinese adults: An internet-basedcross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2015;7(11):957389.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7115486
21.Mehio Sibai A, Nasreddine L, Mokdad AH,Adra N, Tabet M, Hwalla N. Nutrition transitionand cardiovascular disease risk factors in MiddleEast and North Africa countries: reviewing theevidence. Ann Nutr Metab. 2010;57:193–203.https://doi.org/10.1159/000321527
22.Ministry of Health, Directorate of Public Health.Non-communicable diseases. Baghdad, Iraq, 2013.
23.Oberleithner H, Riethmuller C, Schillers H,Macgregor GrA, de Wardener HE, Hausberg M.Plasma sodium stiffens vascular endothelium andreduces nitric oxide release. Proc Natl Acad SciU S A. 2007;104(41):16281–6. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707791104
24.Pimenta E, Gaddam KK, Oparil S, Aban I,Husain S, Dell Louis IJ, et al. Effects of dietarysodium reduction on blood pressure in subjectswith resistant hypertension: Results from arandomized trial. Hypertension. 2009;54(3):475–81.https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.131235
25.Reichel H, Liebethal R, Hense H W, Schmidt-Gayk H, Ritz E. Disturbed calcium metabolismin subjects with elevated diastolic blood pressure.Clin Investig. 1992;70(9):748–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00180741
26.Saha MS, Sana NK, Shaha RK. Serum lipid profileof hypertensive patients in the northern region ofBangladesh. J Bio-Sci. 2006;14:93–98. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v14i0.450
27.Soppi E, Viikari J, Seppala P, Lehtonen A,Saarinen R, Miilunpalo S. Unusual associationof hyperkalemia and hypertension. Hypertension.1986;8:174–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.8.2.174
28.Stamler J, Brown IJ, Daviglus ML, Chan Q,Kesteloot H, Ueshima H, et al. INTERMAPResearch Group. Glutamic acid, the main dietaryamino acid, and blood pressure: The INTERMAPStudy (International Collaborative Study of Macro-nutrients, Micronutrients and Blood Pressure).Circulation. 2009;120:221–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.839241
29.Stamler R, Liu LS, Nichols R, Huang DX, Long ZP, Xie JX, et al. Blood pressure and life style in the People Republic of China: Three samples in the INTERSALTStudy. J Hum Hypertens. 1993;7:429–35.
30.Sudhakar K, Sujatha M, Ramesh Babu S,Padmavathi P. and Reddy PP. Serum calciumlevels in patients with essential hypertension andtheir first degree relatives. Indian Clin. Biochem.2004;19(1):213. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872383
31.Sugiyama T, Xie D, Graham-Maar RC, Inoue K,Kobayashi Y, Stettler N. Dietary and lifestyle fac-tors associated with blood pressure among U.S. adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2007;40:166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.09.006
32.Varley H, Cowenlock AH, Bell M.Practical clini-cal biochemistry. 5th ed Volume 1. London: Heinemann-1980. pp. 771–99.
33.Wang L, Bautista LE. Serum bilirubin and risk ofhypertension. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(1):142–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu242
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Dec 9, 2022
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Luma Abd Almunim Baker, & Shaymaa Zuhir Jalal Aldin. (2022). Association of some biochemical parameters and blood pressure among males with hypertension in the camps of Nineveh province-Iraq. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.979
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