ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP: STRATEGIES TO COMBAT DRUG RESISTANCE AND IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS), Antibiotic Optimization, Resistance Patterns, Global Health
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a developing worldwide health issue that reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial medicines, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine has hastened the emergence of resistant bacteria. antibiotic stewardship (AMS) initiatives have evolved as an important approach to combat AMR by optimizing antibiotic use, assuring appropriate dosing, and reducing resistance. These initiatives use a multimodal approach, encompassing leadership support, formulary management, evidence-based prescribing recommendations, ongoing education, surveillance, and infection control measures. Antibiotic de-escalation, dosage modification, and therapy length are all AMS measures designed to limit needless antimicrobial exposure while improving patient outcomes. Despite the effectiveness of AMS programs, difficulties persist, particularly in resource-constrained areas, such as a lack of diagnostic tools, resistance from healthcare providers, and financial limitations. The impact of AMS programs includes lower mortality rates, shorter hospital stays, enhanced resistance profiles, and cost savings. The future of AMS programs depends on the incorporation of sophisticated technology such as artificial intelligence, quick diagnostics, genetic surveillance, and worldwide collaboration. These advances have the potential to further optimize antibiotic use while also addressing the global concern of antimicrobial resistance.
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4. Muteeb G, Rehman MT, Shahwan M, Aatif M. Origin of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, and their impacts on drug development: A narrative review. Pharmaceuticals. 2023 Nov 15;16(11):1615.
5. Tang KW, Millar BC, Moore JE. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). British journal of biomedical science. 2023 Jun 28;80:11387.
6. Chokshi A, Sifri Z, Cennimo D, Horng H. Global contributors to antibiotic resistance. Journal of global infectious diseases. 2019 Jan 1;11(1):36-42.
7. Huemer M, Mairpady Shambat S, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS. Antibiotic resistance and persistence—Implications for human health and treatment perspectives. EMBO reports. 2020 Dec 3;21(12):e51034.
8. Economou V, Gousia P. Agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Infection and drug resistance. 2015 Apr 1:49-61.
9. Muhaj FF, George SJ, Nguyen CD, Tyring SK. Antimicrobials and resistance part II: Antifungals, antivirals, and antiparasitics. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2022 Jun 1;86(6):1207-26.
10. Ahmed SK, Hussein S, Qurbani K, Ibrahim RH, Fareeq A, Mahmood KA, Mohamed MG. Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health. 2024 Apr 1;2:100081.
11. Giraldi G, Montesano M, Napoli C, Frati P, La Russa R, Santurro A, Scopetti M, Orsi GB. Healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms: a surveillance study on extra hospital stay and direct costs. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. 2019 Jul 1;20(8):643-52.
12. Kakkar AK, Shafiq N, Singh G, Ray P, Gautam V, Agarwal R, Muralidharan J, Arora P. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in resource constrained environments: understanding and addressing the need of the systems. Frontiers in public health. 2020 Apr 28;8:140.
13. Brink AJ. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the community. Clinical Pulmonary Medicine. 2016 Jan 1;23(1):1-0.
14. Salah A, El-Housseiny G, Elleboudy N, Yassien M. Antimicrobial stewardship programs: A review. Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University. 2021 Jun 1;5(1):143-57.
15. Rizvi TF. Exploring the role of community pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).
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Mar 25, 2025
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Dr. J. Arunkumar, Dr. R. Shanmugapriya, Dr. S. Rathipriya, & Dr. S. Kovendhan. (2025). ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP: STRATEGIES TO COMBAT DRUG RESISTANCE AND IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(2), 856-872. https://doi.org/10.53555/8jk1mn61
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Author Biographies
Dr. J. Arunkumar
K.A.P Viswanatham Government Medical College, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr. R. Shanmugapriya
Government Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr. S. Rathipriya
Government Dindigul Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr. S. Kovendhan
Government Dindigul Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India.
How to Cite
Dr. J. Arunkumar, Dr. R. Shanmugapriya, Dr. S. Rathipriya, & Dr. S. Kovendhan. (2025). ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP: STRATEGIES TO COMBAT DRUG RESISTANCE AND IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(2), 856-872. https://doi.org/10.53555/8jk1mn61