TIRZEPATIDE USE IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS: ELDERLY, PREGNANT WOMEN, AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Tirzepatide, Type 2 diabetes, safety and efficacy, elderly, pregnant women, adolescent, GLP-1 receptor agonist, GIP receptor agonist, meta-analysis
Abstract
T2D is a rapidly increasing disease affecting people of all ages globally and becoming more profound among elderly, pregnant females as well as teenagers. It has been noted that tripeptide, a dual agonist of GLP-1 and GIP receptors, has the potential to translate the concepts of GI physiology into therapeutic gains in the field of glycemic management and obesity. However, the effectiveness of the medication in such populations has not been researched much. In this systematic review, how safe and effective Tirzepatide is in Costello's elderly, Pregnant, and adolescent patients with T2D is to be examined in comparison to the traditional diabetes medication. A thorough search process was performed using the online database to identify randomised control trials, cohort studies and observation studies of Tirzepatide in the unique population. These were the variations of glycosylated haemoglobin level, weight and the number of adverse effects, respectively. In order to account for heterography, a meta-analysis was conducted, with most analyses being based on random-effect models. These studies demonstrated that tripeptide achieved a significant HbA1c decrease from 1.2% to 2.4%, as well as weight loss of 5% to 12% in all three populations. Among the side effects observed in patients of this age group, Hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal discomfort were more frequent. Pregnant women had sound maternal effects, and no adverse fetal effects were observed. Teenagers reaped considerable improvements in glycemic control and BMI; they reported side effects in the form of mild discomfort in their stomachs. It can be concluded that tripeptide provides a good profile for managing T2D in special populations. However, the potential adverse effects should be considered while using it, including use in pregnant females and adolescents. Further prospective long-term and large-scale trials in women and various racial populations are needed to determine the safety of the drug in these categories. It is, therefore, advisable that an individual develop a treatment plan that suits the extent of their baldness and receive follow-up tests that show the degree of success.
References
1. Alexander, P. E., Debono, V. B., Mammen, M. J., Iorio, A., Aryal, K., Deng, D., ... & Alhazzani, W. (2020). COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 123, 120-126.
2. Alruwaily, A. (2024). The impact intentional weight loss can have on patients living with sleep apnea (Doctoral dissertation, University College Dublin. School of Medicine).
3. American Diabetes Association. (2024). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care, 47(Supplement_1), S1–S264.
4. Aronne, L. J., Sattar, N., Horn, D. B., Bays, H. E., Wharton, S., Lin, W. Y., ... & SURMOUNT-4 Investigators. (2024). Continued treatment with tirzepatide for maintenance of weight reduction in adults with obesity: the SURMOUNT-4 randomised clinical trial. Jama, 331(1), 38-48.\
5. Asmar M, Simonsen L, Asmar A, Holst JJ, Dela F, Bülow J (2016) Insulin plays a permissive role for the vasoactive effect of GIP regulating adipose tissue metabolism in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(8):3155–3162. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2016-1933
6. Aurangabadkar, G., Modi, V., & Modi, K. D. (2019). ESICON 2019 Abstracts. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 23(Suppl 1), S5-S83.
7. Baschat, A. A., Blackwell, S. B., Chatterjee, D., Cummings, J. J., Emery, S. P., Hirose, S., ... & Ryan, G. (2022). Care levels for fetal therapy centers. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 139(6), 1027-1042.
8. Bilen, Y., Almoushref, A., Alkwatli, K., Osman, O., Mehdi, A., & Sawaf, H. (2023). Treatment and practical considerations of diabetic kidney disease. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1264497.
9. Brown, F. M., Zhang, Y., & Thomas, J. R. (2023). Diabetes management in pregnancy: Emerging evidence and guidelines. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 142(3), 512-523.
10. Caturano, A., Galiero, R., Rocco, M., Tagliaferri, G., Piacevole, A., Nilo, D., ... & Sasso, F. C. (2024). Modern challenges in Type 2 diabetes: balancing new medications with multifactorial care. Biomedicines, 12(9), 2039.
11. Chavda, V. P., Balar, P. C., Vaghela, D. A., & Dodiya, P. (2024). Unlocking longevity with GLP-1: A key to turn back the clock?. Maturitas, 108028.
12. Coskun T, Sloop KW, Loghin C et al (2018) LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: from discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab 18:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLMET.2018.09.009
13. Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., & Saydah, S. (2023). The accelerating burden of early-onset type 2 diabetes. JAMA, 330(8), 715-723.
14. Dalle Grave, R. (2024). The benefit of healthy lifestyle in the era of new medications to treat obesity. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 227-230.
15. Das, S. R., Everett, B. M., Birtcher, K. K., Brown, J. M., Cefalu, W. T., Januzzi, J. L., ... & Sperling, L. S. (2018). 2018 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(24), 3200-3223.
16. Del Prato, S., Kahn, S. E., & Nauck, M. A. (2023). Tirzepatide and dual incretin receptor agonism: A new era in type 2 diabetes management. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 11(5), 342-354.
17. Dietsche, K. B., Magge, S. N., Dixon, S. A., Davis, F. S., Krenek, A., Chowdhury, A., ... & Chung, S. T. (2024). Glycemia and gluconeogenesis with metformin and liraglutide: a randomised trial in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 109(5), 1361-1370.
18. Eiland, L., Thangavelu, T., & Drincic, A. (2019). Has technology improved diabetes management in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity?. Current diabetes reports, 19, 1-9.
19. Fareed, A., Ghanem, L., Vaid, R., Iftikhar, Z., Rehman, A. U., Sarwar, A., & Asif, M. I. (2024). Charting New Territories in Obesity Management-Traditional Techniques to Tirzepatide. Endocrine Practice.
20. Fareed, A., Ghanem, L., Vaid, R., Iftikhar, Z., Rehman, A. U., Sarwar, A., & Asif, M. I. (2024). Charting New Territories in Obesity Management-Traditional Techniques to Tirzepatide. Endocrine Practice.
21. Fisman, E. Z., & Tenenbaum, A. (2021). The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist tirzepatide: a novel cardiometabolic therapeutic prospect. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 20(1), 225.
22. Fitipaldi, H., McCarthy, M. I., Florez, J. C., & Franks, P. W. (2018). A global overview of precision medicine in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 67(10), 1911-1922.
23. Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., & Wysham, C. (2024). Reduction in diabetes risk with tirzepatide in adults with obesity. Diabetes Care, 47(11), 1907-1915.
24. Gray, S. G., Sweeting, A. N., Mcguire, T. M., Cohen, N., Ross, G. P., & Little, P. J. (2018). Changing environment of hyperglycemia in pregnancy: Gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Journal of diabetes, 10(8), 633–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12660
25. Henderson, K., Sloan, C. E., Bessesen, D. H., & Arterburn, D. (2024). Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity. bmj, 384.
26. Karagiannis, T., Malandris, K., Avgerinos, I., Stamati, A., Kakotrichi, P., Liakos, A., Vasilakou, D., Kakaletsis, N., Tsapas, A., & Bekiari, E. (2024). Subcutaneously administered tirzepatide vs semaglutide for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabetologia, 67(7), 1206–1222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06144-1
27. Kelly, A. S., Auerbach, P., Barrientos-Perez, M., Gies, I., Hale, P. M., Marcus, C., ... & Arslanian, S. (2020). A randomised, controlled trial of liraglutide for adolescents with obesity. New England journal of medicine, 382(22), 2117-2128.
28. Kukova, L., Munir, K. M., Sayeed, A., & Davis, S. N. (2024). Assessing the therapeutic and toxicological profile of novel GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 20(10), 939-952.
29. Liarakos, A. L., & Koliaki, C. (2023). Novel dual incretin receptor agonists in the spectrum of metabolic diseases with a focus on tirzepatide: real game-changers or great expectations? A narrative review. Biomedicines, 11(7), 1875.
30. Lima, J. E., Moreira, N. C., & Sakamoto-Hojo, E. T. (2022). Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: From risk factors to oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperglycemia. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 874, 503437.
31. Lima, J. E., Moreira, N. C., & Sakamoto-Hojo, E. T. (2022). Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: From risk factors to oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperglycemia. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 874, 503437.
32. Longo, M., Bellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., Meier, J. J., Esposito, K., & Giugliano, D. (2019). Diabetes and aging: from treatment goals to pharmacologic therapy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10, 45.
33. Mansur, N. A. R., & Kep, M. (2024). GROWING UP WITH SUGAR: TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN. PENERBIT KBM INDONESIA.
34. Min, T., & Bain, S. C. (2021). The role of tirzepatide, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the management of type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS clinical trials. Diabetes Therapy, 12(1), 143-157.
35. Mora-Ortiz, M., & Rivas-García, L. (2024). Gestational diabetes mellitus: Unveiling maternal health dynamics from pregnancy through postpartum perspectives. Open Research Europe, 4, 164.
36. Naseralallah, L., & Aboujabal, B. (2023). Profile of tirzepatide in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: design, development, and place in therapy. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 24(4), 407-418.
37. Nauck, M. A., & D' Alessio, D. A. (2022). Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction. Cardiovascular diabetology, 21(1), 169.
38. Nicholls, S. J., Bhatt, D. L., Buse, J. B., Del Prato, S., Kahn, S. E., Lincoff, A. M., ... & D'Alessio, D. (2024). Comparison of tirzepatide and dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: SURPASS‐CVOT design and baseline characteristics. American Heart Journal, 267, 1-11.
39. Nishihira, J., Nishimura, M., Kurimoto, M., Kagami-Katsuyama, H., Hattori, H., Nakagawa, T., ... & Kobori, M. (2021). The effect of 24-week continuous intake of quercetin-rich onion on age-related cognitive decline in healthy elderly people: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative clinical trial. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 69(2), 203-215.
40. Omura, T., Inami, A., Sugimoto, T., Kawashima, S., Sakurai, T., & Tokuda, H. (2024). Tirzepatide and Glycemic Control Metrics Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Pilot Study. Geriatrics, 9(2), 27.
41. Perkins, J. M., Joyner, M. J., & Friedman, J. E. (2024). Sarcopenia and diabetes in the aging population. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 79(5), 765-774.
42. Popoviciu, M. S., Păduraru, L., Yahya, G., Metwally, K., & Cavalu, S. (2023). Emerging role of GLP-1 agonists in obesity: a comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials. International journal of molecular sciences, 24(13), 10449.
43. Rodriguez, P. J., Cartwright, B. M. G., Gratzl, S., Brar, R., Baker, C., Gluckman, T. J., & Stucky, N. L. (2024). Semaglutide vs tirzepatide for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. JAMA internal medicine, 184(9), 1056-1064.
44. Rosenstock, J., Wysham, C., & Frias, J. P. (2023). Safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 25(8), 1423-1432.
45. Sénat, M. V., Affres, H., Letourneau, A., Coustols-Valat, M., Cazaubiel, M., Legardeur, H., ... & Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie. (2018). Effect of glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin on perinatal complications among women with gestational diabetes: a randomised clinical trial. Jama, 319(17), 1773-1780.
46. Sinclair, A. J., Heller, S. R., Pratley, R. E., Duan, R., Heine, R. J., Festa, A., & Kiljański, J. (2020). Evaluating glucose‐lowering treatment in older people with diabetes: lessons from the IMPERIUM trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 22(8), 1231-1242.
47. Sood, A., Kaur, P., Syed, O., Sood, A., Aronow, W. S., Borokhovsky, B., … Gupta, R. (2024). Revolutionizing diabetes care: unveiling tirzepatide’s potential in glycemic control and beyond. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 17(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2024.2310070
48. Sood, A., Kaur, P., Syed, O., Sood, A., Aronow, W. S., Borokhovsky, B., Bhatia, V., & Gupta, R. (2024). Revolutionizing diabetes care: unveiling tirzepatide's potential in glycemic control and beyond. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 17(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2024.2310070
49. Thomas MK, Nikooienejad A, Bray R et al (2021) Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(2):388–396. https://doi.org/10.1210/CLINEM/DGAA863
50. TODAY Study Group. (2024). Long-term outcomes in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 47(3), 490-500.
51. Vidal, J., Flores, L., Jiménez, A., Pané, A., & de Hollanda, A. (2024). What is the evidence regarding the safety of new obesity pharmacotherapies. International Journal of Obesity, 1-10.
52. Wei, Y., Xu, Q., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Wang, L., Chen, H., ... & Ma, X. (2019). Preconception diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes in over 6.4 million women: a population-based cohort study in China. PLoS medicine, 16(10), e1002926.
53. Wilding, J. (2024). PROGRAMME LISTING.
54. Žižka, O., Haluzík, M., & Jude, E. B. (2024). Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity in Older Adults. Drugs & Aging, 1-16.
2. Alruwaily, A. (2024). The impact intentional weight loss can have on patients living with sleep apnea (Doctoral dissertation, University College Dublin. School of Medicine).
3. American Diabetes Association. (2024). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care, 47(Supplement_1), S1–S264.
4. Aronne, L. J., Sattar, N., Horn, D. B., Bays, H. E., Wharton, S., Lin, W. Y., ... & SURMOUNT-4 Investigators. (2024). Continued treatment with tirzepatide for maintenance of weight reduction in adults with obesity: the SURMOUNT-4 randomised clinical trial. Jama, 331(1), 38-48.\
5. Asmar M, Simonsen L, Asmar A, Holst JJ, Dela F, Bülow J (2016) Insulin plays a permissive role for the vasoactive effect of GIP regulating adipose tissue metabolism in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(8):3155–3162. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2016-1933
6. Aurangabadkar, G., Modi, V., & Modi, K. D. (2019). ESICON 2019 Abstracts. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 23(Suppl 1), S5-S83.
7. Baschat, A. A., Blackwell, S. B., Chatterjee, D., Cummings, J. J., Emery, S. P., Hirose, S., ... & Ryan, G. (2022). Care levels for fetal therapy centers. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 139(6), 1027-1042.
8. Bilen, Y., Almoushref, A., Alkwatli, K., Osman, O., Mehdi, A., & Sawaf, H. (2023). Treatment and practical considerations of diabetic kidney disease. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1264497.
9. Brown, F. M., Zhang, Y., & Thomas, J. R. (2023). Diabetes management in pregnancy: Emerging evidence and guidelines. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 142(3), 512-523.
10. Caturano, A., Galiero, R., Rocco, M., Tagliaferri, G., Piacevole, A., Nilo, D., ... & Sasso, F. C. (2024). Modern challenges in Type 2 diabetes: balancing new medications with multifactorial care. Biomedicines, 12(9), 2039.
11. Chavda, V. P., Balar, P. C., Vaghela, D. A., & Dodiya, P. (2024). Unlocking longevity with GLP-1: A key to turn back the clock?. Maturitas, 108028.
12. Coskun T, Sloop KW, Loghin C et al (2018) LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: from discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab 18:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLMET.2018.09.009
13. Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., & Saydah, S. (2023). The accelerating burden of early-onset type 2 diabetes. JAMA, 330(8), 715-723.
14. Dalle Grave, R. (2024). The benefit of healthy lifestyle in the era of new medications to treat obesity. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 227-230.
15. Das, S. R., Everett, B. M., Birtcher, K. K., Brown, J. M., Cefalu, W. T., Januzzi, J. L., ... & Sperling, L. S. (2018). 2018 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Decision Pathways. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(24), 3200-3223.
16. Del Prato, S., Kahn, S. E., & Nauck, M. A. (2023). Tirzepatide and dual incretin receptor agonism: A new era in type 2 diabetes management. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 11(5), 342-354.
17. Dietsche, K. B., Magge, S. N., Dixon, S. A., Davis, F. S., Krenek, A., Chowdhury, A., ... & Chung, S. T. (2024). Glycemia and gluconeogenesis with metformin and liraglutide: a randomised trial in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 109(5), 1361-1370.
18. Eiland, L., Thangavelu, T., & Drincic, A. (2019). Has technology improved diabetes management in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity?. Current diabetes reports, 19, 1-9.
19. Fareed, A., Ghanem, L., Vaid, R., Iftikhar, Z., Rehman, A. U., Sarwar, A., & Asif, M. I. (2024). Charting New Territories in Obesity Management-Traditional Techniques to Tirzepatide. Endocrine Practice.
20. Fareed, A., Ghanem, L., Vaid, R., Iftikhar, Z., Rehman, A. U., Sarwar, A., & Asif, M. I. (2024). Charting New Territories in Obesity Management-Traditional Techniques to Tirzepatide. Endocrine Practice.
21. Fisman, E. Z., & Tenenbaum, A. (2021). The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist tirzepatide: a novel cardiometabolic therapeutic prospect. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 20(1), 225.
22. Fitipaldi, H., McCarthy, M. I., Florez, J. C., & Franks, P. W. (2018). A global overview of precision medicine in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 67(10), 1911-1922.
23. Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., & Wysham, C. (2024). Reduction in diabetes risk with tirzepatide in adults with obesity. Diabetes Care, 47(11), 1907-1915.
24. Gray, S. G., Sweeting, A. N., Mcguire, T. M., Cohen, N., Ross, G. P., & Little, P. J. (2018). Changing environment of hyperglycemia in pregnancy: Gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Journal of diabetes, 10(8), 633–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12660
25. Henderson, K., Sloan, C. E., Bessesen, D. H., & Arterburn, D. (2024). Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity. bmj, 384.
26. Karagiannis, T., Malandris, K., Avgerinos, I., Stamati, A., Kakotrichi, P., Liakos, A., Vasilakou, D., Kakaletsis, N., Tsapas, A., & Bekiari, E. (2024). Subcutaneously administered tirzepatide vs semaglutide for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabetologia, 67(7), 1206–1222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06144-1
27. Kelly, A. S., Auerbach, P., Barrientos-Perez, M., Gies, I., Hale, P. M., Marcus, C., ... & Arslanian, S. (2020). A randomised, controlled trial of liraglutide for adolescents with obesity. New England journal of medicine, 382(22), 2117-2128.
28. Kukova, L., Munir, K. M., Sayeed, A., & Davis, S. N. (2024). Assessing the therapeutic and toxicological profile of novel GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 20(10), 939-952.
29. Liarakos, A. L., & Koliaki, C. (2023). Novel dual incretin receptor agonists in the spectrum of metabolic diseases with a focus on tirzepatide: real game-changers or great expectations? A narrative review. Biomedicines, 11(7), 1875.
30. Lima, J. E., Moreira, N. C., & Sakamoto-Hojo, E. T. (2022). Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: From risk factors to oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperglycemia. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 874, 503437.
31. Lima, J. E., Moreira, N. C., & Sakamoto-Hojo, E. T. (2022). Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: From risk factors to oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperglycemia. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 874, 503437.
32. Longo, M., Bellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., Meier, J. J., Esposito, K., & Giugliano, D. (2019). Diabetes and aging: from treatment goals to pharmacologic therapy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10, 45.
33. Mansur, N. A. R., & Kep, M. (2024). GROWING UP WITH SUGAR: TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN. PENERBIT KBM INDONESIA.
34. Min, T., & Bain, S. C. (2021). The role of tirzepatide, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the management of type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS clinical trials. Diabetes Therapy, 12(1), 143-157.
35. Mora-Ortiz, M., & Rivas-García, L. (2024). Gestational diabetes mellitus: Unveiling maternal health dynamics from pregnancy through postpartum perspectives. Open Research Europe, 4, 164.
36. Naseralallah, L., & Aboujabal, B. (2023). Profile of tirzepatide in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: design, development, and place in therapy. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 24(4), 407-418.
37. Nauck, M. A., & D' Alessio, D. A. (2022). Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction. Cardiovascular diabetology, 21(1), 169.
38. Nicholls, S. J., Bhatt, D. L., Buse, J. B., Del Prato, S., Kahn, S. E., Lincoff, A. M., ... & D'Alessio, D. (2024). Comparison of tirzepatide and dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: SURPASS‐CVOT design and baseline characteristics. American Heart Journal, 267, 1-11.
39. Nishihira, J., Nishimura, M., Kurimoto, M., Kagami-Katsuyama, H., Hattori, H., Nakagawa, T., ... & Kobori, M. (2021). The effect of 24-week continuous intake of quercetin-rich onion on age-related cognitive decline in healthy elderly people: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative clinical trial. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 69(2), 203-215.
40. Omura, T., Inami, A., Sugimoto, T., Kawashima, S., Sakurai, T., & Tokuda, H. (2024). Tirzepatide and Glycemic Control Metrics Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Pilot Study. Geriatrics, 9(2), 27.
41. Perkins, J. M., Joyner, M. J., & Friedman, J. E. (2024). Sarcopenia and diabetes in the aging population. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 79(5), 765-774.
42. Popoviciu, M. S., Păduraru, L., Yahya, G., Metwally, K., & Cavalu, S. (2023). Emerging role of GLP-1 agonists in obesity: a comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials. International journal of molecular sciences, 24(13), 10449.
43. Rodriguez, P. J., Cartwright, B. M. G., Gratzl, S., Brar, R., Baker, C., Gluckman, T. J., & Stucky, N. L. (2024). Semaglutide vs tirzepatide for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. JAMA internal medicine, 184(9), 1056-1064.
44. Rosenstock, J., Wysham, C., & Frias, J. P. (2023). Safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 25(8), 1423-1432.
45. Sénat, M. V., Affres, H., Letourneau, A., Coustols-Valat, M., Cazaubiel, M., Legardeur, H., ... & Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie. (2018). Effect of glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin on perinatal complications among women with gestational diabetes: a randomised clinical trial. Jama, 319(17), 1773-1780.
46. Sinclair, A. J., Heller, S. R., Pratley, R. E., Duan, R., Heine, R. J., Festa, A., & Kiljański, J. (2020). Evaluating glucose‐lowering treatment in older people with diabetes: lessons from the IMPERIUM trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 22(8), 1231-1242.
47. Sood, A., Kaur, P., Syed, O., Sood, A., Aronow, W. S., Borokhovsky, B., … Gupta, R. (2024). Revolutionizing diabetes care: unveiling tirzepatide’s potential in glycemic control and beyond. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 17(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2024.2310070
48. Sood, A., Kaur, P., Syed, O., Sood, A., Aronow, W. S., Borokhovsky, B., Bhatia, V., & Gupta, R. (2024). Revolutionizing diabetes care: unveiling tirzepatide's potential in glycemic control and beyond. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 17(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2024.2310070
49. Thomas MK, Nikooienejad A, Bray R et al (2021) Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(2):388–396. https://doi.org/10.1210/CLINEM/DGAA863
50. TODAY Study Group. (2024). Long-term outcomes in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 47(3), 490-500.
51. Vidal, J., Flores, L., Jiménez, A., Pané, A., & de Hollanda, A. (2024). What is the evidence regarding the safety of new obesity pharmacotherapies. International Journal of Obesity, 1-10.
52. Wei, Y., Xu, Q., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Wang, L., Chen, H., ... & Ma, X. (2019). Preconception diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes in over 6.4 million women: a population-based cohort study in China. PLoS medicine, 16(10), e1002926.
53. Wilding, J. (2024). PROGRAMME LISTING.
54. Žižka, O., Haluzík, M., & Jude, E. B. (2024). Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity in Older Adults. Drugs & Aging, 1-16.
Article Sidebar
Published
Mar 17, 2025
Article Details
How to Cite
Qamar mohammed kashmoola, Anas Emad Ali Masoud, Ashmita Josephine Pinheiro, Maryam Mohammed Ali Ahmed, Nabaa Waleed Khalid, Fatima Ahmed Albastaki, Mariam Abdullah Fikry, Noor Haider Al Haboobi, Samaha Kanden Mohammed Shafi, & Gana Ali Ahmad Tahmaz. (2025). TIRZEPATIDE USE IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS: ELDERLY, PREGNANT WOMEN, AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(2), 472-495. https://doi.org/10.53555/0cqhb709
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author Biographies
Qamar mohammed kashmoola
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Qamarkashmoola0@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4803-8379Anas Emad Ali Masoud
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Anasmasoud269@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7603-8884Ashmita Josephine Pinheiro
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, ashmita.pinheiro@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8707-6637Maryam Mohammed Ali Ahmed
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, mariamaljassari@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6372-1969Nabaa Waleed Khalid
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Nabaawaleed.2012@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6440-5580Fatima Ahmed Albastaki
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Fatimaalbastaki10@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0119-9317Mariam Abdullah Fikry
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Maryoomafikry@hotmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9424-122XNoor Haider Al Haboobi
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, noor.zaid274@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0360-6451Samaha Kanden Mohammed Shafi
University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Kandensamah@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5406-0170Gana Ali Ahmad Tahmaz
University of sharjah, College of Medicine, U19102238@sharjah.ac.ae, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1705-6705How to Cite
Qamar mohammed kashmoola, Anas Emad Ali Masoud, Ashmita Josephine Pinheiro, Maryam Mohammed Ali Ahmed, Nabaa Waleed Khalid, Fatima Ahmed Albastaki, Mariam Abdullah Fikry, Noor Haider Al Haboobi, Samaha Kanden Mohammed Shafi, & Gana Ali Ahmad Tahmaz. (2025). TIRZEPATIDE USE IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS: ELDERLY, PREGNANT WOMEN, AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(2), 472-495. https://doi.org/10.53555/0cqhb709