SEROPREVALENCE OF TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG BLOOD DONORS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTHERN ODISHA
Main Article Content
Keywords
transfusion transmitted infections (TTI), hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Abstract
Background
Blood transfusion service is crucial for saving lives but can also pose a life-threatening risk. Sero prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) are crucial for determining the safety of blood and blood product and to provide safe and risk free blood to the recipients.
Aims & Objective
The study aimed to estimate TTI risk and trends over five years, evaluating the safeness of blood supply and effectiveness of TTI screening.
Method
A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of TTI among the blood donors who donated blood at Odisha Blood Centre, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College & Hospital, Berhampur, between January 2019 and December 2023. Each blood unit was tested by ELISA method for HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus. Non-reactive units are further subjected to NAT test. Syphilis and Malaria was tested by antigen rapid diagnostic test. All reactive blood units were discarded as per standard operating system of blood centre. This information was extracted from the data base of blood centre.
Results
The study comprised of a total blood donation of 142366 blood donors during the five-years period. The overall seroprevalence rate was 2.17%. The seroprevalence rate of HIV was 0.092%, that of HBV was 1.99%, HCV was 0.066%, Syphilis was 0.22% and Malaria was 0.005% among all the blood donors who showed reactivity for TTI during the five-year period.
Conclusion
There is a need to increase public awareness regarding voluntary donation and its benefits. Adaptation of other newer techniques to detect TTIs as Nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) and Chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) for all viral borne diseases like HBV, HCV, and HIV, CLIA and multiplex flow immunoassay for detecting Syphilis and Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to detect Malaria along with conventional testing methods. Thorough meticulous screening of blood donors, the implementation of advanced methods for identifying TTIs, stringent post donation counselling and notification with further follow up are strongly advised to guarantee the safety of blood for recipients.
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Dr. Rashmi Panigrahi
Postgraduate Resident, Department Transfusion Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.
Dr. Rashmita Panigrahi
Assistant Professor, Department Transfusion Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.
Dr. Sarada Prasanna Sahoo
Associate Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.
Dr. Manu Mangat Marandi
Senior Resident, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.
Dr. Sabita Palai
Professor and HOD, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India.