DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF CT VIRTUAL CYSTOSCOPY IN DETECTING URINARY BLADDER CARCINOMA
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Keywords
Bladder Cancer, CT Virtual Cystoscopy, Conventional Cystoscopy, Diagnostic Accuracy, Non-Invasive Imaging, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urinary Tract Neoplasms
Abstract
Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, requiring early and accurate detection for effective management. Conventional cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis but is invasive, associated with discomfort, and carries procedural risks. CT Virtual Cystoscopy (CTVC) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive imaging technique for detecting bladder carcinoma.
Objectives: The aim of current study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CTVC in detecting urinary bladder carcinoma using conventional cystoscopy as the gold standard.
Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was conducted at Faisalabad Medical University and Allied Hospital, enrolling n=95 patients aged 25–70 years presenting with gross painless hematuria. All patients underwent CTVC followed by conventional cystoscopy for comparison. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy were calculated using a 2×2 contingency table. Stratification was performed based on age and gender, and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: CTVC demonstrated a sensitivity of 86.49%, specificity of 93.10%, PPV of 88.89%, and NPV of 91.53%, with an overall accuracy of 90.53%. Stratified analysis revealed 100% accuracy in patients aged 25–55 years and 90.62% accuracy in those aged 56–70 years. Gender-based stratification showed slightly higher accuracy in female patients (94.12%) than in males (89.74%).
Conclusion: CT Virtual Cystoscopy is a highly accurate, non-invasive diagnostic modality for detecting urinary bladder carcinoma, offering a viable alternative to conventional cystoscopy. Given its high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, CTVC can be integrated into routine clinical practice for early detection and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. Future research should focus on multi-center trials, AI-assisted imaging, and biomarker integration to further enhance diagnostic efficiency.
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Shereen Rafiq
Aziz Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan
Binish Zaidi
Faisalabad Medical University and Affiliated Hospitals, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Hina Farooq
Cancer Care Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
Sadaf Gill
Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Rashida
ABWA Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Sobia Shabbir
Faisalabad international Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Arslan Shuja
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), CRiMM, The University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan.