A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEVELS OF SERUM CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND SODIUM IN PREGNANT MOTHERS IN SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTERS AS PREDICTORS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA

Abstract

Background:

Hypertensive disorders are major factors responsible for morbidity and mortality in pregnancy and Preeclampsia is a Pregnancy Specific Syndrome characterized by Hypertension with BP 140/90mm Hg or more, Proteinuria and edema contributing significantly to Maternal and Foetal Morbidity and Mortality. Imbalances of serum sodium and potassium levels are involved in functioning of vascular smooth muscles, leads to vasoconstriction and hypertension in PE. Calcium deficiency stimulates parathyroid hormone and leading to vasoconstriction. Magnesium regulates blood pressure by monitoring vascular tone and structure. Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.

 Aim and Objectives:

1. To assess serum values of sodium, magnesium and calcium in second and third trimester of pregnancy.


2. To find the association between serum levels of calcium, magnesium and sodium and pre-eclampsia in second and third trimesters of pregnancy.


3. To assess demographic variations among the antenatal mothers.

 Materials and Methods:

This is Observational cross-sectional study was done from January 2022 to December 2022 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Madurai Medical College Hospital in 100 pregnant women attending our outpatient department. All the cases were selected in the second trimester follow up to third trimester and belongs to the age group 18-35years with Singleton pregnancy. Cases with any medical history of chronic hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, liver disease were excluded from the study. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.

Results and Conclusion: The results were presented as a mean ± SD and p value of less than 0.001 is considered as significant. In our present study, Serum sodium, magnesium and calcium levels were lower in 3rd trimester among preeclampsia as compared to levels among normal antenatal mothers in 3rd trimester and were statistically significant. Lower serum magnesium, sodium and calcium levels is statistically significant in predicting the Preeclampsia in at risk mothers. Screening of serum Calcium, Magnesium and Sodium levels is essential for all antenatal cases for early detection and management of Complications of Pre-eclampsia.