CHANGING PATTERNS OF FACIAL FRACTURES OVER THE LAST DECADE: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Facial fractures, trauma epidemiology, retrospective study, maxillofacial injury, injury prevention, aging population
Abstract
Facial fractures, caused by accidents, falls, sports injuries, and assaults, are a global health concern. Social, environmental, and technological changes have influenced their frequency and patterns. Rising road traffic and socioeconomic activities increase the complexity of these injuries, causing aesthetic, functional, and financial burdens.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 3,878 patient records from 2014 to 2024 from multiple Punjab hospitals revealed facial fractures diagnosed through imaging (OPG, PA face, PNS, CT with 3D). The fractures were categorized by bone type and injury mechanism, and demographic data was recorded. The study aimed to compare trends over time.
Results: It revealed a male predominance (90.1%), with the majority of patients aged 21–30 years (35.5%). RTAs were the leading cause of injury (62% in 2023), followed by assaults and sports-related incidents. Mandibular fractures were the most common (63%), followed by zygomatic (15.3%) and maxillary fractures (8.9%). The study highlights a rising trend in facial trauma until 2023, with a slight decline in 2024, potentially influenced by COVID-19 lockdowns. These findings underscore the need for targeted preventive measures, particularly for RTAs and violence-related injuries, and emphasize the importance of age- and gender-specific interventions.
Conclusion: The study reveals social developments and trauma care advancements have impacted facial fracture patterns over the past decade, highlighting the need for targeted preventative measures by government officials.
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Dr. Sahrish Liaqat
BDS, MCPS, FCPS, MFDS, Associate Professor, Oral Medicine, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan, Pakistan
Dr. Hafsa Nadeem
BDS, House Officer, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
Dr. Asadullah Jameel
BDS, House Officer, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
Dr. Muhammad Mohteshim Rabbani
BDS, House Officer, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
Dr. Muhammad Abi Waqas
BDS, MPhil, Assistant Professor, Science of Dental Materials, Multan Medical and Dental College, Pakistan
Dr. Ahsaan Ullah
BDS, FCPS, Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan