RESURGENCE OF MUMPS IN CHILDREN, EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH INDIA: IS IT THE HIGH TIME TO INTRODUCE MUMPS VACCINE IN NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME?
Main Article Content
Keywords
Mumps, MMR vaccine, National immunization Schedule
Abstract
Introduction: India has witnessed a substantial increase in the number of mumps cases, primarily affecting children, in the 2023-24 [1]. The resurgence of mumps is challenging to our healthcare infrastructure and demanding swift, coordinated efforts to curb its spread and mitigate its impact on the vulnerable population, particularly children.
Aims and objectives: To identify all cases of measles reporting to hospital and find associated complications.
Material and methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of north India from November 2023 to September 2024. World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition used to identify clinically all the cases of mumps. The peadiatric patients reported to the hospital up-to age of 16years were included in the study. The details of cases which were recorded included demographic information, clinical features, immunization status, investigations, complications and any need for hospitalization.
Results: A total of 547 children with clinical case of mumps were included in the study. there were 66.7%(n=365) boys and 33.2%(n=182) girls. Their age ranged from 2 year to 16 years and median age was 9 years. Fever and parotid swelling were the two common presentations. Unilateral parotid swelling was more common than bilateral swelling seen in 48.9% (n=268) and 51% (n=279) number of children respectively.74.7% (n=409) children had received MR vaccine, 2.37%(n=13) subjects received MMR vaccine either one or two doses, none had received three doses of MMR and 13.6%(n=74) children were un-immunized. Majority got admitted because of pain abdomen, vomiting and dehydration accounting for 72.3% (n=396). CNS complications like meningitis and meaning encephalitis, were the second common reason for hospitalization with 3.83% (n=21) study subjects.
Conclusion: Mumps is still posing a significant health burden. There is need to strengthen the available mechanisms to improve disease surveillance and collect relevant data pan India and rethink about introducing MMR vaccine in National Immunization Programme.
References
2. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Mumps - Reported cases by country. Accessed on January 11, 2024. Available from: https://apps.who.int/ gho/data/view.main.1540_53.
3. Vashishtha VM, Yadav S, Dabas A, et al. IAP Position Paper on Burden of Mumps in India and Vaccination Strategies. Indian Pediatr. 2015;52:505-14.
4. World Health Organization. Mumps Virus Vaccines: WHO Position Paper. Weekly Epidemiological Record No. 7, 2007, pp51-60. Accessed on Jan 11, 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO- WER8207-51-60
5. Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI. Accessed on Jan 11, 2024. Available from: https://main.mohfw.gov.in/?q=Major- Programmes/universal-immunization-programme-uip
6. Vaidya SR, Hamde VS. Is it right time to introduce mumps vaccine in India as Universal Immunization Irogram? Indian Pediatr. 2016;53:469-73.
7. Church DL. Major factors affecting the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases. Clin Lab Med. 2004;24: 559-86.
8. Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe C, editors. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases: the pink book: course textbook. Public Health Foundation; 2015.
9. Centers for Disease Control, Prevention (US), National Immunization Program (Centers for Disease Control, Prevention), National Immunization Program (Centers for Disease Control, Prevention). Education, Information, Partnership Branch. Epidemiology and prevention of vac- cine-preventable diseases. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. and Prevention; 2005.
10. Moghe CS, Goel P, Singh J, et al. Mumps outbreak investigation in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India, June-September 2016. J Med Virol. 2019;91:347-50.
11. Paul S, Mahajan PB, Sahoo J, et al. Investigating mumps outbreak in Odisha, India: An opportunity to assess the health system by utilizing the essential public health services framework. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96:1215-21.
12. Bhat UM, Mit NY, Farooq W, et al. Clinical profile of mumps in children in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics.2003 march;10(3):290-294.
13. Saha I, Haldar D, Paul B, et al. An epidemiological investigation of mumps outbreak in a slum of Kolkata. J Commun Dis. 2012;44:29-36.
14. Raut SK,Kulkarni PS, Phadke MA, Jadhav SS, Dhorje SP. Persistence of Antibodies Induced by Measles -Mumps-Rubella Vaccine in Children in India? Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007;14(10):1370-71.
15. Gupta RK, Jennifer Bt, MacMahon E. Mumps and the UK epidemic. 2005;2005;330. 22.
16. Bernard H, Schwarz NG, Melnic A, Bucov V, Caterinciuc N, Pebody RG et al. Mumps outbreak ongoing since October 2007 in the republic of Moldova. Euro surveillance. 2008;13(13):8.
17. Arshad AS, Shamila H, Khan I, Syed MA. Patterns of mini-outbreaks of mumps at South Kashmir, Pulwama, India 2007-2011. Nitte University J Heal Sci. 2013;3:52-5.18 Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K. Mumps. The Lancet 2008; 371(9616):932–944.
18. Vashishtha VM, Yadav S, Sabas A, et al. IAP Position Paper on Burden of Mumps in India and Vaccination Strategies. Indian Pediatr. 2015;52:505-14.
19. Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Marchione P, et al. Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;4:CD004407. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;11:CD004407.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Sanjana Sharma
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, GMC Jammu
Pooja Bharti
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, GMC Jammu
Priyanka Sharma
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, GMC Jammu