CONTRIBUTION OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE BURDEN AS COMPARED TO AVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE WORLD
Main Article Content
Keywords
Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Chronic Liver Disease, Years of Life Lost Due to Premature Mortality, Years Lost to Disability, Years Of Potential Life Lost, Disease Burden
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Disability adjusted life years (DALY) represent a comprehensive health metric that captures both the years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). This indicator offers a holistic perspective on disease burden, reflecting both the increasing health challenges and the diminished quality of life caused by a particular disease. In this study, we aimed to calculate DALY’s among patients of chronic Liver disease (CLD) to highlight both the fatal and the non-fatal consequences of the disease. This approach is intended to assist in development of policies and the effective allocation of healthcare resources. Chronic liver disease significantly contributes to the overall disease burden in Pakistan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive case series study carried out over an 8-month period, from April 2022 to November 2022, at Gulab Devi hospital (semi-private tertiary care chest hospital) affiliated with Al-Aleem medical college Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 45 patients who were suffering from chronic liver disease for more than 6 months were interviewed. Participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. YPLL was calculated by using Child Pugh’s score to generate the estimated years of life left. For YLD, duration of disability obtained from the questionnaire as duration of the specific symptoms were quantified and multiplied with disability weight for Chronic liver disease. All the statistical analysis was done through SPSS software.
RESULTS: 45 patients who presented with chronic liver disease had mean DALY of 13.9948 in accordance with global average life expectancy. YLL contributed a major part in the calculation of DALY. The mean DALYs was 9.6231 for the females and 5.2748 for the males on the basis of average global life expectancy which was contradicted by other studies. Most patients reported that they were suffering from the disease for the period of six months and the most common symptoms were bloating, restriction while performing work, diet limitation and body pain.
CONCLUSION: According to the findings of our study, 45 patients who suffered from chronic liver disease have lost a total of 615.81 DALYs based on the life expectancy of Pakistan, while 629.77 DALYs lost when based on average global life expectancy. Appropriate steps must be taken to decrease the health burden associated with CLD.
References
2. Moon AM, Singal AG, Tapper EB. Contemporary epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2020 Nov 1;18(12):2650-66.
3. Asrani SK, Kouznetsova M, Ogola G, Taylor T, Masica A, Pope B, Trotter J, Kamath P, Kanwal F. Increasing health care burden of chronic liver disease compared with other chronic diseases, 2004–2013. Gastroenterology. 2018 Sep 1;155(3):719-29.
4. Paik JM, Golabi P, Younossi Y, Srishord M, Mishra A, Younossi ZM. The growing burden of disability related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: data from the global burden of disease 2007‐2017. Hepatology communications. 2020 Dec;4(12):1769-80.
5. Cheemerla S, Balakrishnan M. Global epidemiology of chronic liver disease. Clinical Liver Disease. 2021 May;17(5):365.
6. Sepanlou SG, Safiri S, Bisignano C, Ikuta KS, Merat S, Saberifiroozi M, Poustchi H, Tsoi D, Colombara DV, Abdoli A, Adedoyin RA. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet gastroenterology & hepatology. 2020 Mar 1;5(3):245-66.
7. Younossi ZM, Boparai N, Price LL, Kiwi ML, McCormick M, Guyatt G. Health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease: the impact of type and severity of disease. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2001 Jul 1;96(7):2199-205.
8. Sarin SK, Kumar M, Eslam M, George J, Al Mahtab M, Akbar SM, Jia J, Tian Q, Aggarwal R, Muljono DH, Omata M. Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a lancet gastroenterology & hepatology commission. The lancet Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2020 Feb 1;5(2):167-228.
9. Khan F, Samad M, Arif F. The burden of chronic liver disease patients: Their clinical and laboratory profiles at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. J Med Res Health Educ. 2018;2(1):3.
10. Khokhar N. Spectrum of chronic liver disease in a tertiary care hospital. JOURNAL-PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 2002 Feb 1;52(2):56-7.
11. Memon MS, Zaki M. Burden of chronic liver disease and liver transplantation in Sindh. JLUMHS. 2013 Jan;12(1):1-2.
12. Rogers RG, Everett BG, Saint Onge JM, Krueger PM. Social, behavioral, and biological factors, and sex differences in mortality. Demography.2010;47(3):555-578.
13. Marusawa H, Osaki Y, Kimura T, Ito K, Yamashita Y, Eguchi T, Kudo M, Yamamoto Y, Kojima H, Seno H, Moriyasu F. High prevalence of anti-hepatitis B virus serological markers in patients with hepatitis C virus related chronic liver disease in Japan. Gut. 1999 Aug 1;45(2):284-8.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Uswa Ehsan
(final year MBBS student, AAMC)
Ayesha Ahmad Farooka
(final year MBBS student, AAMC)
Aqib Aziz
(final year MBBS student, AAMC)
Abdullah Shafiq
(final year MBBS student, AAMC)
Dr. Ashraf Majrooh
(HOD COMMUNITY MEDICINE AAMC)