ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIET AND EXERCISE AND THEIR IMPACT ON OBESITY AND BODY WEIGHT OF SCHOOL TEACHERS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Diet, Exercise, Obesity, Body Weight, School teachers
Abstract
Background: Nutrients help our body in repairing. It can also help in preventing premature aging as well as onset of obesity. The poor eating patterns of the school teachers and zero exercise is closely related to unbalanced intake of energy that results in obesity leads to absenteeism from school including reduced productivity, chronic illness etc.
Aims and Objectives: To find association between diet and exercise and their impact on obesity and body weight of school teachers.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study was designed to find association between diet and exercise and their impact on obesity and body weight of school teachers.
Research Tool: A pre-planned questionnaire was used to collect data from the teachers.
Methodology: A total of 100 male and female school teachers were enrolled for the study from different government and private schools of district Charsadda. Data regarding socio demographic, anthropometric parameters, Physical activity and dietary intake were collected with the help of pre-planned questionnaire.
Statistical Analysis: Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version-21 was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that mean age of male was 38.2±9.2 (years) and that of female school teachers was 40.8±10.2 (years) with a non-significant (p<0.05) difference. The mean family size of male and female school teachers was 6.5±2.5 and 7.1±2.9 respectively. The monthly income of male (61.1%) and female (65.22%) was less than 50000 PKR per month. The female school teachers had a greater body mass index as compared to the male school teacher. Visceral fat was also recorded as high among female in relation to the male teachers. A total of 31.5% male and 54.3% female were physically active. Exercise on daily basis was observed for only 9.3% of the male and 23.9% of the female teachers. A total of 50.0% of males and 43.5% of females consumed milk products up to 3 days in a week however, 16.7% of males and 26.1% of females consumed beverages and juices on daily basis. The carbohydrate intake of male and female school teachers was 225.1±47.1 (g/day) and 240.4±44.7 (g/day) while protein intake was recorded as 49.8±19.9 (g/day) and 44.7±21.9 (g/day) respectively. A significant association (p<0.05) was recorded for the intake of carbohydrate, fats and energy in relation to body mass index and waist to hip ratio.
References
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2. Amin. K., N. Khan and P. Kousar. 2015. Health and nutritional status of school teachers (with specific reference to government schools of Rawalpora, district Srinagar). IOSR J. Humani. Soc. Sci. 20(10): 40-42
3. Al-Hazzaa, H. M., N. A. Abahussain, H. I. Al-Sobayel, D. M. Qahwaji and A. O. Musaiger. 2011. Physical activity, sedentary behaviours and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents relative to age, gender and region. International. J. Behav. Nutri. Phys. Act. 8(1):1-14
4. Anuurad E., K. Shiwaku, A. Nogi, K. Kitajima, B. Enkhmaa, K. Shimono and Y. Yamane, 2003. The new BMI criteria for Asians by the regional office for the western pacific region of WHO are suitable for screening of overweight to prevent metabolic syndrome in elder Japanese workers. J. occupational. Health. 45(6): 335-343
5. Bandpei, M. A. M., F. Ehsani, H. Behtash and M. Ghanipour. 2014. Occupational low back pain in primary and high school teachers: prevalence and associated factors. J. manipulative. physio. therapeu. 37(9): 702-708
6. Barbosa, R. E. C and G. C. Fonseca. 2019. Prevalence of smoking in Brazilian school teachers. 2016. Cadernos de saude publica. 35
7. Cardenas Fuentes, G., R. A. Bawaked, M. A. Martínez González, D. Corella, I. Subirana Cachinero, J. Salas-Salvadó and H. Schröder. 2018. Association of physical activity with body mass index, waist circumference and incidence of obesity in older adults. Euro. J. publ. H. 28(5): 944-950
8. Chakraborty. R., K. Bose and S. Bisai. 2009. Mid-upper arm circumference as a measure of nutritional status among adult Bengalee male slum dwellers of Kolkata, India: relationship with self-reported morbidity. Anthropolo. Anzeiger: 129-137
9. Duffey, K. J., P. Gordon-Larsen, D. R. Jacobs Jr, O. D. Williams and B. M. Popkin. 2007. Differential associations of fast food and restaurant food consumption with 3-y change in body mass index: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Am. J. Clin. nutr. 85(1): 201-208
10. Fabunmi, A. A., B. O. Oyedokun and J. O. Omole. 2019. Physical activity parameters and Body Mass Index among Public Secondary School Teachers, Oyo State. Nigeria. Health Promotion and Physical Activity. 8(3): 23-28
11. Fabunmi, A. A and T. Mathias. 2018. Relationship between body mass index, percent body fat, fat weight, and respiratory functions among secondary school teachers in Ibadan North local government area, Ibadan, Nigeria. Sports. Med. 14(1)
12. Fadupin. G. T., A. Adeoye and O. Ariyo. 2014. Lifestyle and nutritional status of urban school teachers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Niger. J. Nutr. Sci. 35(1)
13. Findholt, N., B. T. Izumi, J. Shannon andT. Nguyen. 2016. Food-related practices and beliefs of rural US elementary and middle school teachers. Rural and remote health.
14. Forrest. C. B., K. B. Bevans, A. W. Riley, R. Crespo, and T. A. Louis. 2013. Health and school outcomes during children's transition into adolescence. J. Adol. Health. 52(2): 186-194
15. Hallal, P.C., S. M. Matsudo, V. K. R. Matsudo, T.L. Araújo, D.R. Andrade and A.D. Bertoldi. 2005. Physical activity in adults from two Brazilian areas: similarities and differences. Cad Saude Publica. 21(2):573-80
16. He. L., Y. Zhai, M. Engelgau, W. Li, H. Qian, X. Si, and X. Shi. 2014. Association of children’s eating behaviors with parental education, and teachers’ health awareness, attitudes and behaviors: a national school based survey in China. Euro. J. Publ. Health. 24(6): 880- 887
17. Horn-Ross, P. L., V. S. Lee, C. N. Collins, S. L. Stewart, A. J. Canchola, M. M. Lee and D. O. Stram.2008. Dietary assessment in the California Teachers Study: reproducibility and validity. Cancer Causes & Control. 19(6): 595-603
18. Horn-Ross, P. L., K. J. Hoggatt, D. W. West, M. R. L. Stewart, H. Anton-Culver and A. Ziogas.2002. Recent diet and breast cancer risk: the California Teachers Study (USA). Cancer Causes & Control. 13(5): 407-415
19. Jaceldo-Siegl, K., S. F. Knutsen, J. Sabate, W. L. Beeson, J. Chan, R. P. Herring and G. E. Fraser. 2010. Validation of nutrient intake using an FFQ and repeated 24 h recalls in black and white subjects of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Public health nutrition, 13(6), 812-819
20. Kangalgil, M., H. Yardimci and A. Ö. Özçelik. 2017. Evaluate the Eating Habits of Teachers Working in Various Primary Schools in Ankara. J. Sci. Res. Reports. 1-11
21. Kennedy, S., L. Ryan and M. E. Clegg. 2015. Associations between breakfast consumption, attitudes towards breakfast and physical activity in adolescents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 74(OCE1)
22. Kimm, S. Y., N. W. Glynn, E. Obarzanek, A. M. Kriska, S. R. Daniels, B. A. Barton and K. Liu. 2005. Relation between the changes in physical activity and body-mass index during adolescence: a multicentre longitudinal study. The Lancet. 366(9482): 301-307
23. Kubik, M. Y., L. A. Lytle, P. J. Hannan, M. Story and C. L. Perry. 2002. Food‐related beliefs, eating behaviour, and classroom food practices of middle school teachers. J. school. H. 72(8): 339-345
24. Mahmoud, M. H and A. S. Taha.2017. The association between eating habits and body mass index among nursing students. IOSR J. Nurs. H. Sci. 6(03): 14-26
25. Matsudo, S.M., V.R. Matsudo, T.L. Araújo, D. Andrade, E. Andrade and L. Oliveira. 2002. Nível de atividade física da população do estado de São Paulo: análise de acordo com o gênero, idade, nível socioeconômico, distribuição geográfi ca e de conhecimento. Rev Bras Cienc Mov. 10(4):41-50
26. McNaughton. S. A., K. Ball, D. G. Mishra and A. D. Crawford. 2008. Dietary patterns of adolescents and risk of obesity and hypertension. J. nutr. 138(2): 364-370
27. Misra. A., N. Singhal and L. Khurana.2010. Obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in developing countries: role of dietary fats and oils. J. Am. College. Nutr. 29(3):289-301
28. Molarius, A., J. C. Seidell, S. Sans, J. Tuomilehto and K. Kuulasmaa. 1999. Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio in 19 populations of the WHO MONICA Project. International journal of obesity, 23(2), 116-125
29. Monteiro. C.A., E.C. Moura., P.C. Jaime, A. Lucca, A.A. Florindo and I.C.R. Figueiredo. 2005. Surveillance of risk factors for chronic diseases through telephone interviews. Rev Saude Publica. 39(1):47-57
30. Murakami, K and M. B. E. Livingstone. 2014. Eating frequency in relation to body mass index and waist circumference in British adults. International. J. obesity. 38(9): 1200-1206
31. Nasir. J. A., and M. H. Tahir. 2017. Factors affecting nutritional attitudes among university teaching staff. Pak. J. Commr. Soci. Sci.11(2): 644-652
32. Nikbazm, R., M. Rafie, M. Ghanebasiri, N. Nourshahi, G. Sotoudeh, M. Eshranghian and F. Koohdani. 2013. The relationship between waist circumference and macronutrient intake in patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran. Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. 5: 1021- 24
33. Nwosu, K. C., W. P. Wahl, U. I. Oparaugo, A. O. Ezennaka, D. B. Ibrahim, A. O. Ahmed and G. U. Nnaemeka. 2021. Teachers’ Socio demographic Characteristics, Psychological Distress, Job Satisfaction, and Their Willingness to Include Children with Special Needs in Regular Classes. Education Research International, 2021
34. Nube. M and M. J. G. Van Den Boom. 2009. Gender and adult under nutrition in developing countries. Annals. Human. Bio. 30(5): 520-537
35. Oliveira, R. A. R. D., R. J. Mota, D. D. F. Tavares, O. C. Moreira, L. M. Lima, P. R. D. S. Amorim and J. C. B. Marins, 2015. Prevalence of obesity and association of body mass index with risk factors in public school teachers. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria &Desempenho Humano. 17: 742-752
36. Oh. N. G., S. J. Gwon, K. W. Kim, C. M. Sohn, H. R Park and J. S. Seo. 2016. Status and need assessment on nutrition & dietary life education among nutrition teachers in elementary, middle and high schools. Kor. J. Comm. Nutr. 21(2): 152-164
37. Rocha. S.V., J.P. Cardoso, C. Alves, H.L.R. Munaro, L.R.C. Vasconcelos and E.L. Petroski. 2015. Overweight/obesity in teachers: prevalence and associated factors. Brazil. J. Kin anthropo. H. Perform. 17(4):450-459
38. Sakurai, M., K. Yoshita, K. Nakamura, K. Miura, T. Takamura, S. Y. Nagasawaand H. Nakagawa, 2017. Skipping breakfast and 5‐year changes in body mass index and waist circumference in Japanese men and women. Obesity. Sci. Prac. 3(2): 162-170
39. Saraiva, L. C., J. R. A. D. Nascimento, A. L. Petrolini, A. N. Sousa, T. A. Bezerra, J. F. V. N. D. Moraes and F. O. Carvalho. 2019. Frequency and duration of physical activity practice of university teachers and servants. J. Physi. Educ. 29
40. Saro, N., V. Hadju and A. Wahyu. 2018. Correlation between Nutritional Behaviour and Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Sugar of State secondary school Teachers Having Central Obesity in Makassar City. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Healthcare Service Management. 87-91
41. Savige G., A. MacFarlane, K. Ball, A. Worsley A and D. Crawford. 2007. Snacking behaviours of adolescents and their association with skipping meals. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 4: 36
42. Skinner. J. D and J. M. Woodburn. 1983. Nutrition-related characteristics of high school teachers and student performance. J. nutr. Educ.15(3): 99-104
43. Slavin. J. 2012. Beverages and body weight: challenges in the evidence-based review process of the Carbohydrate Subcommittee from the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Nutr. Rev. 70(2): S111-S120
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Sep 26, 2024
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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIET AND EXERCISE AND THEIR IMPACT ON OBESITY AND BODY WEIGHT OF SCHOOL TEACHERS. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 1878-1896. https://doi.org/10.53555/er5br784
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Author Biographies
Azim Khan
PhD Scholar, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan.
Sara Iqbal
Student, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan.
Sidra Shah
Student, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan.
Jamila Tariq
Student, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan.
Farhan Khan
Student, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan.
How to Cite
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIET AND EXERCISE AND THEIR IMPACT ON OBESITY AND BODY WEIGHT OF SCHOOL TEACHERS. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 1878-1896. https://doi.org/10.53555/er5br784