EFFICACY OF 3% HYPERTONIC SALINE NEBULIZATION IN CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED WITH BRONCHIOLITIS
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Keywords
Bronchiolitis, Clinical Severity Score (CSS), Hypertonic Saline, Hospital Stay, Nebulization, Normal Saline
Abstract
Background: Acute bronchiolitis is a prevalent respiratory condition in newborns and young children, often requiring hospitalization.
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of nebulization with 3% hypertonic saline in children who are hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
Study Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics CMH, Multan From November 2023 to February 2024.
Methodology: Within the Combined Military Hospital in Multan, the department of pediatrics was the location where this study was carried out. A total of 124 individuals diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis were split into two groups for the purpose of this study: The nebulized hypertonic saline was administered to Group A, while the nebulized normal saline was administered to Group B instead. Clinical severity scores (CSS) were assessed at baseline, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Recovery times and length of hospital stay were recorded. The data that was gathered was analyzed using IBM SPSS, specifically version 27.0.
Results: The mean age of patients in Group A was 7.0 months, with a standard deviation of 4.61 months, while in Group B it was 5.97 ± 4.29 months. At the start of the study, Group A had an average oxygen saturation of 92.5±1.25% and Group B had an average of 92.2±0.91% (p=0.075). Group A had a mean oxygen saturation that was 98.3±0.60% higher by discharge than Group B, which was 97.6±0.91% (p<0.001). The mean CSS for the Group A was documented at 7. 9 ± 0. Group A had a mean CSS of 68 at the beginning of the study while that of Group B was 8. 2 ± 0. 68 (p=0. 017). At 12 hours, again there was an overall improvement in CSS and the mean CSS of Group A stood at 6. 9 ± 0. The mean composite satisfaction score of Group A was 65 while that of Group B was mean CSS of 7. 5 ± 0. 62 (p<0. 001). Finally, by 24 hours, Group A had a mean CSS of 4; Therefore, the results indicate that weitinger and colleagues were right to predict that using preoperative antibiotics for SP will decrease the incidence of SSI. 2 ± 0. 68, compared to 5. 4 ± 0. A total of twenty five percent in the Group B scored 64 percent and above (n = 64, that is p < 0. 001). On the average at 48 hours, the CSS for the Group A was 2. 6 ± 0. 59 which is relatively less compared to total number of respondents belongs to the group B which os only 3. 9 ± 0. 66 (p<0. 001). Within 72 hours, the Group A subjects had a mean CSS of 1. 5 ± 0. A confirmity test for equality of variances leaving to F (2,53) = 2. 7 ± 0. 65 (p<0. 001). The overall use of oxygen therapy showed significantly an increase in Group B (23. 3±2. 37 hours) as compared to Group A (16. 2±2. 47 hours); p<0. 001.
Conclusion: Thus, nebulized hypertonic saline holds the advantage of significantly more favorable such clinical severity, length of hospital stay, and recovery in acute bronchiolitis. These results suggest that hypertonic saline should be used as a better treatment choice of this illness.
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Dr. Samiah Mazhar
MBBS, PGR Paediatrics CMH Multan
Dr. Muhammad Faisal Shafiq
MBBS, FCPS (Pediatric medicine), FCPS (Neonatal Medicine), Assistant Professor & HOD Pediatric Department, CMH Multan
Dr. Iqra Amjad
MBBS, PGR Paediatrics CMH Multan,
Dr. Areej Fatima Khan
MBBS, Women Medical Officer Primary and Secondary Healthcare department
Dr. Syeda Ayesha Mazhar
MPhil. Pharmaceutics Student at School of Health Sciences and Social work, Griffith University, Australia
Dr. Muhammad Ali Khan
MBBS, Medical Officer, THQ Hospital Noorpur Thal