Finding the Prevalence Rate and Histopathological Examination of Gastric Biopsies in Patient with Dyspepsia

Abstract

Dyspepsia refers to a condition characterized by discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen. It often occurs  after eating and can be accompanied by symptoms such as bloating, nausea, burping, and a feeling of fullness or discomfort. Dyspepsia can be caused by various factors, including overeating, consuming fatty or spicy foods, stress, or underlying medical conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, or gastritis. During the period of January 2020 and October 2022, 81 consecutive gastric  antral biopsy samples were included because it provides useful information regarding the H. pylori status. The study was approved by the ethical review board of Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination for severity of gastritis and activity of gastritis. Giemsa stain was used for H. pylori assessment. The prevalence of H. pylori was 73(84.64%) in these dyspeptic patients. Grading of inflammation was decided according to Sydney System. In the present study, histopathological examination of 81 patients revealed mild chronic gastritis in 27(23.9%) and moderate chronic gastritis in 67(71.8%) and severe in 8(2.81%) patients. The association was statistically significant (p value <0.05) by using ANOVA. Prevalence of H. pylori infection in Pakistani population is shocking. Chronic gastritis is the major condition associated with dyspeptic patients.