CONTRACEPTIVES RELATED TO UTERINE CANCER
Main Article Content
Keywords
Uterine Cancer, Contraceptives, Hormonal IUDs, Non-Hormonal IUDs
Abstract
Background: The uterine lining, or endometrium, serves as where uterine cancer, often referred to as cancer of the endometrium, begins. It is the type of uterine cancer which damage women's reproductive systems the most frequently.
Methods: Application of different hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives on uterine cancer.
Results: Obesity, diabetes, hormonal imbalances (such as high estrogen), and a family history of the illness are risk factors for uterine cancer.
Conclusions: It has been showed that combined oral contraceptives, which contain both progestin and estro-gen, lower the risk of uterine cancer by controlling hormone levels , which reduces the endometrium's exposure to estrogen.
References
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2. Holman, L., Lu, K, Glob. libr. women's med, The Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer. GLOWM, 2012.
3. Heywood, J.S., Prevention of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer byCombined Oral Contraceptives: A Demographics Study, in Keck Science Department Of Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges. 2017, Claremont Colleges: Scholarship @ Claremont. p. 35.
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5. Brinton, A.S.F.a.L.A., Cancer Progress and Priorities: Uterine Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 2018
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7. OCRA. Endometrial Cancer vs Uterine Cancer. 2023; Available from: https://ocrahope.org/news/is-endometrial-cancer-the-same-as-uterine-cancer/#:~:text=Endometrial%20cancers%20develop%20from%20the,They%20are%20rare.
8. Plus, M. Birth Control Also called: Contraception. 2022; Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html#.
9. Cooper., O.M.B.M.S.S.D.B., Contraception. 2023, StatPearls Publishing: National Library of Medicine.
10. author, R.J.a.S.M., Contraceptive Methods: Needs, Options and Utilization. J Obstet Gynaecol India, 2012. 61(6): 626–634. .
11. Sally AD Romero, K.Y., Martha Hickey, and H Irene Sucorresponding Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for endometrial protection in women with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2020.
12. Mie Jareid , J.-C.T., Morten Aarflot , Hege M Bøvelstad, Eiliv Lund , Tonje Braaten Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer, without increased risk of breast cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 2018. 149(1):127-132.
13. Anne Gompel MD, P., Progesterone and endometrial cancer. Elsevier, 2020. 69: p. 95-107.
14. MD, A.M.M.M.a.T.A.L., Endometrial hyperplasia. 2010. 27(4): p. 199-214.
15. Anderson, M. The pill and cancer: Is there a link? . 2016; Available from: https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/birth-control-pill-and-cancer-risk.h28Z1590624.html?
16. Wiegratz, I., et al., Effect of four different oral contraceptives on various sex hormones and serum-binding globulins. 2003. 67(1): p. 25-32.
17. Endocrinology, S.f. Endometrial cancer. 2021; Available from: https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/endometrial-cancer/.
18. J. Julie Kim, P.D.a.E.C.-D., M.D, Role of Progesterone in Endometrial Cancer. Semin Reprod Med. , 2010. 28(1): 81–90.
19. inform, N. Contraceptive patch 2022; Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/contraception/contraceptive-patch#:~:text=The%20contraceptive%20patch%20is%20a,works%20in%20the%20same%20way.
20. SH:24. Health benefits and risks of the patch. Available from: https://sh24.org.uk/contraception/patch/health-benefits-risks.
21. Dr. Liji Thomas, M. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Contraceptive Patch. 2019; Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-the-Contraceptive-Patch.aspx.
22. St. Louis, M., Contraceptive Vaginal Ring FACT SHEET. Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine.
23. inform, N. Contraceptive implant. 2023; Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/contraception/contraceptive-implant#:~:text=The%20contraceptive%20implant%20is%20a,and%20thins%20the%20womb%20lining.
24. Society, C.C. Risk factors for uterine cancer. Available from: https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/risks#:~:text=Women%20who%20never%20give%20birth,risk%20of%20developing%20uterine%20cancer.
25. Ashley S. Felix, M.M.G., Carlo La Vecchia, Christina M. Nagle, Xiao Ou Shu, Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans Olov Adami, Shirley Beresford, Leslie Bernstein, Chu Chen, Linda S. Cook, Immaculata De Vivo, Jennifer A. Doherty, Christine M. Friedenreich, Susan M. Gapstur, Dierdre Hill, Pamela L. Horn-Ross, James V. Lacey, Fabio Levi, Xiaolin Liang, Lingeng Lu, Anthony Magliocco, Susan E. McCann, Eva Negri,Sara H. Olson, Julie R. Palmer, Alpa V. Patel, Stacey Petruzella, Jennifer Prescott, Harvey A. Risch, Lynn Rosenberg25, Mark E. Sherman, Amanda B. Spurdle, Penelope M. Webb, Lauren A. Wise, Yong-Bing Xiang, Wanghong Xu, Hannah P. Yang, Herbert Yu, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte and Louise A. Brinton, Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer risk: A pooledanalysis of the Epidemiology of Endometrial CancerConsortium. International Journal of Cancer, 2015.
26. Ashley S. Felix, M.M.G., Carlo La Vecchia, Christina M. Nagle, Xiao Ou Shu,, et al., Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer risk: a poole analysis of the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. Int J Cancer, 2015. 136(5): E410–E422.
27. Lopez, L.M., et al., Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women. 2014(6).
28. Lowa, U.o. Hormonal (progestin) intrauterine devices 2021; Available from: https://uihc.org/educational-resources/hormonal-progestin-intrauterine-devices#:~:text=They%20may%20be%20called%20LARC,not%20need%20to%20be%20treated.
29. Childrens, N. Birth Control: Non-Hormonal Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD). 2022; Available from: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/birth-control-non-hormonal-iud#:~:text=The%20non%2Dhormonal%20copper%20intrauterine,does%20not%20have%20any%20hormones.
30. Clinic, C. Intrauterine Device (IUD). 2022; Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24441-intrauterine-device-iud.
31. Higginbotham, V. Hormone Releasing Intrauterine Devices. 2019; Available from: https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/hormone-releasing-intrauterine-devices#:~:text=IUDs%20release%20of%20the%20hormone,that%20contribute%20to%20preventing%20pregnancy.
32. T Luukkainen , P.P., J Toivonen, Progestin-releasing intrauterine systems Semin Reprod Med, 2001.
33. Nicole Minalt, M.A.C., MD, MS Grace M. Yedlicka, BSN Sophia Joseph, BA Sharon E. Robertson, MD, MPH Lisa M. Landrum, MD, PhD Jeffrey F. Peipert, MD, PhD Association between intrauterine device use and endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer: an expert review. AJOG, 2023. 229(2).
34. Che Jia-Hui , Y.X.-Y., Effects of Copper-Containing Intrauterine Devices on the Endometrium Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, 2021. 05 (01): 38-43.
35. Iversen, L., et al., Contemporary hormonal contraception and risk of endometrial cancer in women younger than age 50: A retrospective cohort study of Danish women. Contraception, 2020. 102(3): p. 152-158.
36. GADDUCCI, A., S. COSIO, and F. FRUZZETTI, Estro-progestin Contraceptives and Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Debated Issue. 2020. 40(11): p. 5995-6002.
37. Castellsagué, X., W.D. Thompson, and R. Dubrow, Intra-uterine contraception and the risk of endometrial cancer. 1993. 54(6): p. 911-916.
38. Al-kurdy, M., et al., Determine the Effects of Hormonal Contraceptive Pills on Ovarian and Uterus Cancer. 2024.
39. Avramenko, A. and J. Flanagan, An epigenetic hypothesis for ovarian cancer prevention by oral contraceptive pill use. Clinical Epigenetics, 2023. 15.
2. Holman, L., Lu, K, Glob. libr. women's med, The Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer. GLOWM, 2012.
3. Heywood, J.S., Prevention of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer byCombined Oral Contraceptives: A Demographics Study, in Keck Science Department Of Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges. 2017, Claremont Colleges: Scholarship @ Claremont. p. 35.
4. ASCO. Do Birth Control Pills Impact My Cancer Risk? 20,2022 2022; Available from: https://www.cancer.net/blog/2022-10/do-birth-control-pills-impact-my-cancer-risk#:~:text= About%2066%2C000%20people%20will%20be,longer%20the%20pill%20is%20taken.
5. Brinton, A.S.F.a.L.A., Cancer Progress and Priorities: Uterine Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 2018
6. ASCO. Uterine Cancer: Introduction. 2022; Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/introduction.
7. OCRA. Endometrial Cancer vs Uterine Cancer. 2023; Available from: https://ocrahope.org/news/is-endometrial-cancer-the-same-as-uterine-cancer/#:~:text=Endometrial%20cancers%20develop%20from%20the,They%20are%20rare.
8. Plus, M. Birth Control Also called: Contraception. 2022; Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html#.
9. Cooper., O.M.B.M.S.S.D.B., Contraception. 2023, StatPearls Publishing: National Library of Medicine.
10. author, R.J.a.S.M., Contraceptive Methods: Needs, Options and Utilization. J Obstet Gynaecol India, 2012. 61(6): 626–634. .
11. Sally AD Romero, K.Y., Martha Hickey, and H Irene Sucorresponding Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for endometrial protection in women with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2020.
12. Mie Jareid , J.-C.T., Morten Aarflot , Hege M Bøvelstad, Eiliv Lund , Tonje Braaten Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer, without increased risk of breast cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 2018. 149(1):127-132.
13. Anne Gompel MD, P., Progesterone and endometrial cancer. Elsevier, 2020. 69: p. 95-107.
14. MD, A.M.M.M.a.T.A.L., Endometrial hyperplasia. 2010. 27(4): p. 199-214.
15. Anderson, M. The pill and cancer: Is there a link? . 2016; Available from: https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/birth-control-pill-and-cancer-risk.h28Z1590624.html?
16. Wiegratz, I., et al., Effect of four different oral contraceptives on various sex hormones and serum-binding globulins. 2003. 67(1): p. 25-32.
17. Endocrinology, S.f. Endometrial cancer. 2021; Available from: https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/endometrial-cancer/.
18. J. Julie Kim, P.D.a.E.C.-D., M.D, Role of Progesterone in Endometrial Cancer. Semin Reprod Med. , 2010. 28(1): 81–90.
19. inform, N. Contraceptive patch 2022; Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/contraception/contraceptive-patch#:~:text=The%20contraceptive%20patch%20is%20a,works%20in%20the%20same%20way.
20. SH:24. Health benefits and risks of the patch. Available from: https://sh24.org.uk/contraception/patch/health-benefits-risks.
21. Dr. Liji Thomas, M. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Contraceptive Patch. 2019; Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-the-Contraceptive-Patch.aspx.
22. St. Louis, M., Contraceptive Vaginal Ring FACT SHEET. Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine.
23. inform, N. Contraceptive implant. 2023; Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/contraception/contraceptive-implant#:~:text=The%20contraceptive%20implant%20is%20a,and%20thins%20the%20womb%20lining.
24. Society, C.C. Risk factors for uterine cancer. Available from: https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/uterine/risks#:~:text=Women%20who%20never%20give%20birth,risk%20of%20developing%20uterine%20cancer.
25. Ashley S. Felix, M.M.G., Carlo La Vecchia, Christina M. Nagle, Xiao Ou Shu, Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans Olov Adami, Shirley Beresford, Leslie Bernstein, Chu Chen, Linda S. Cook, Immaculata De Vivo, Jennifer A. Doherty, Christine M. Friedenreich, Susan M. Gapstur, Dierdre Hill, Pamela L. Horn-Ross, James V. Lacey, Fabio Levi, Xiaolin Liang, Lingeng Lu, Anthony Magliocco, Susan E. McCann, Eva Negri,Sara H. Olson, Julie R. Palmer, Alpa V. Patel, Stacey Petruzella, Jennifer Prescott, Harvey A. Risch, Lynn Rosenberg25, Mark E. Sherman, Amanda B. Spurdle, Penelope M. Webb, Lauren A. Wise, Yong-Bing Xiang, Wanghong Xu, Hannah P. Yang, Herbert Yu, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte and Louise A. Brinton, Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer risk: A pooledanalysis of the Epidemiology of Endometrial CancerConsortium. International Journal of Cancer, 2015.
26. Ashley S. Felix, M.M.G., Carlo La Vecchia, Christina M. Nagle, Xiao Ou Shu,, et al., Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer risk: a poole analysis of the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. Int J Cancer, 2015. 136(5): E410–E422.
27. Lopez, L.M., et al., Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women. 2014(6).
28. Lowa, U.o. Hormonal (progestin) intrauterine devices 2021; Available from: https://uihc.org/educational-resources/hormonal-progestin-intrauterine-devices#:~:text=They%20may%20be%20called%20LARC,not%20need%20to%20be%20treated.
29. Childrens, N. Birth Control: Non-Hormonal Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD). 2022; Available from: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/birth-control-non-hormonal-iud#:~:text=The%20non%2Dhormonal%20copper%20intrauterine,does%20not%20have%20any%20hormones.
30. Clinic, C. Intrauterine Device (IUD). 2022; Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24441-intrauterine-device-iud.
31. Higginbotham, V. Hormone Releasing Intrauterine Devices. 2019; Available from: https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/hormone-releasing-intrauterine-devices#:~:text=IUDs%20release%20of%20the%20hormone,that%20contribute%20to%20preventing%20pregnancy.
32. T Luukkainen , P.P., J Toivonen, Progestin-releasing intrauterine systems Semin Reprod Med, 2001.
33. Nicole Minalt, M.A.C., MD, MS Grace M. Yedlicka, BSN Sophia Joseph, BA Sharon E. Robertson, MD, MPH Lisa M. Landrum, MD, PhD Jeffrey F. Peipert, MD, PhD Association between intrauterine device use and endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer: an expert review. AJOG, 2023. 229(2).
34. Che Jia-Hui , Y.X.-Y., Effects of Copper-Containing Intrauterine Devices on the Endometrium Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, 2021. 05 (01): 38-43.
35. Iversen, L., et al., Contemporary hormonal contraception and risk of endometrial cancer in women younger than age 50: A retrospective cohort study of Danish women. Contraception, 2020. 102(3): p. 152-158.
36. GADDUCCI, A., S. COSIO, and F. FRUZZETTI, Estro-progestin Contraceptives and Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Debated Issue. 2020. 40(11): p. 5995-6002.
37. Castellsagué, X., W.D. Thompson, and R. Dubrow, Intra-uterine contraception and the risk of endometrial cancer. 1993. 54(6): p. 911-916.
38. Al-kurdy, M., et al., Determine the Effects of Hormonal Contraceptive Pills on Ovarian and Uterus Cancer. 2024.
39. Avramenko, A. and J. Flanagan, An epigenetic hypothesis for ovarian cancer prevention by oral contraceptive pill use. Clinical Epigenetics, 2023. 15.
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Sep 4, 2024
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CONTRACEPTIVES RELATED TO UTERINE CANCER. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 168-179. https://doi.org/10.53555/a6910h32
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Author Biographies
Muhammad Haris Baig
College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hashim
College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Huzaifa
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur
Dr Fazal Hanan
Saidu Medical College Swat
Muhammad Aafaq Bashir
College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Izza Rafique
Department of Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Muhammad Qamar
College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Junaid Afzal
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur
Dr Farah Abid
University of South Asia
Muhammad Atif
Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur
How to Cite
CONTRACEPTIVES RELATED TO UTERINE CANCER. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 168-179. https://doi.org/10.53555/a6910h32