EMERGING TRENDS IN ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI: A STUDY FROM TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, NAWABSHAH PAKISTAN
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Keywords
Typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, Global health threat, Developing countries, Multidrug-resistant
Abstract
Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, poses a significant global health threat, particularly in developing countries. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains has complicated treatment protocols. This study aims to assess the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Salmonella Typhi isolates from patients at a tertiary care hospital in Nawabshah, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. Data were collected from 300 typhoid patients. Salmonella Typhi isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using standard disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The study data were analyzed using the statistical package-SPSS Version 23. The highest resistance rates were recorded on the following antibiotics; Ceftazidime, 62. 9%; ciprofloxacin 71. 0%; ampicillin, 87. 1%, Chloramphenicol 74. 2%. On the other hand, the sensitivity rate recorded by Azithromycin was higher at around 98. 4%. Comparing the resistance between genders it can be seen that the female subjects were more resistant to more than one antibiotic than the male subjects. This study revealed a high level of resistance to different drugs, especially in the MDR category but a high level of sensitivity to the cephalosporins and imipenem among these isolates. Typhoid fever remains a considerable challenge due to antibiotic resistance, and steady surveillance and sensitive AMA interventions are strategic in addressing rising cases. The findings of the study can be used to come up with therapeutic intervention and guide future public health strategies against the ravaging typhoid fever in this country and those that share similar epidemiology.
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Dr. Tehmina Afzal
M. Phil Pathology, Instructor Skills Lab, People University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah Pakistan
Dr. Muhammad Saleem Rind
MBBS FCPS Medicine, Assistant Professor Medicine, Medical Emergency Unit 2, People University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah Pakistan
Dr. Shafaq Aijaz
Woman Medical Officer, Consultant Radiologist, Radiology Department, People University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah Pakistan
Dr. Qurat ul Ain
Assistant Professor, Anatomy department, People University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah Pakistan
Dr. Ali Kashif Malik
MBBS FCPS, Physician, Medical Unit 3, PMCH, Nawabshah Pakistan