ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THYROID HORMONE IMBALANCE ON CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN AGING POPULATIONS
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Keywords
Thyroid Hormone, Cardiovascular Health, Aging, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid hormones like T4 and T3 are hormones synthesized in the thyroid gland and are involved in metabolism, growth, and differentiation. It was also found that in aging people, the effects of thyroid hormone dysfunction in heart disease are aggravated. disease.
Objective: to investigate the effect of thyroid hormones dysregulation on cardiovascular disease in those who are 60 years of age and above.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2021 to January 2022 with a sample size of 85 participants, who were divided into two groups: hypothyroidism (n=51) and hyperthyroidism (n=34). Participants aged 60 years and older with confirmed thyroid hormone imbalances were included, while those with severe chronic illnesses affecting cardiovascular outcomes were excluded. Data were retrieved from hospital electronic medical records, encompassing demographic details, clinical characteristics, and cardiovascular health outcomes such as age, sex, BMI, duration of thyroid disorder, presence of hypertension and diabetes, ECG and echocardiogram results, LDL cholesterol levels, and incidence of atrial fibrillation
Results: The results indicated that the hypothyroid group had a significantly longer duration of thyroid disorder compared to the hyperthyroid group (7.3 ± 2.9 years vs. 5.4 ± 3.4 years, p=0.023). Hypothyroid patients also showed a higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities (68.2% vs. 31.7%, p=0.05) and elevated LDL cholesterol levels (>130 mg/dL) (38.8% vs. 28.2%, p=0.021). However, there were no significant differences in age, sex distribution, BMI, or the incidence of hypertension, diabetes, echocardiogram abnormalities, or atrial fibrillation between the groups. These findings underscore the considerable impact of hypothyroidism on cardiovascular health compared to hyperthyroidism in older adults.
Conclusion: Thyroid hormone dysfunctions play some role in initiating cardiovascular diseases in the aging population. Thus, according to the differences in cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypothyroid and hyperthyroidism, the necessity of TSH measurement and individualized approach to CVD risk management in elderly patients with thyroid diseases is emphasized. These results should apply at the patient care level and provide guidance for future investigations of thyroid diseases and their cardiovascular consequences in geriatric patients.
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Dr Zeeshan Qamar
Trainee Medical Officer, Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar
Dr Raja Farrukh Zamir Khan
Medical Officer, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad
Dr Kamran Khan
Resident Medical Officer, Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar
Dr Muhammad Aadil Kibriya
Trainee Medical Officer, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad
Dr Sheheryar Alam Khan
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Jinnah Medical College, Peshawar
Dr Ihsan Ullah
Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Jinnah Medical College, Peshawar