EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF BRCA1, E-CADHERIN, AND VEGF IN DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL GRADES OF BREAST CANCER AMONG LOCAL PATIENTS
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Keywords
Breast cancer, BRCA1, E-Cadherin, VEGF, histological grading, immunohistochemistry, biomarkers, prognosis
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed neoplasm with extensive heterogeneity as far as the histological grade and prognosis are concerned. Hence, the description of the expression patterns of those genes which include BRCA1, E-Cadherin, and VEGF can enhance the diagnostic precision and to an extent help in selecting treatment options that are most effective for the patient. The objectives of this study are to assess the biomarkers’ levels and their prognostic associations with the histological grades of breast cancer in a local population.
Aim: To establish the reality or likelihood of BRCA1, E-Cadherin, VEGF, and also their relation and value as biomarkers of histological grade in breast cancer patients.
Method: An historical comparative descriptive design was used, the study involved patients with histologically proven breast carcinoma whose tissue specimens were available. Specimens were obtained from surgical resection and biopsies and formally in fixed, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned according to standard pathological procedures. Additionally, a sufficient immunohistochemical staining of BRCA1, E-Cadherin and VEGF were done based on intensity and distribution of the specimens. The authors used chi-square tests and ANOVA to figure out the variables and the extent of relation between the parameters.
Results: The current qualitative investigation revealed that BRCA1, E-Cadherin, and VEGF expressions had uneven distribution of signal intensity in the different grades of histological adenocarcinomas. The results as for high-grade tumors revealed a down regulation of BRCA1 while E-Cadherin has increased levels of VEGF factor. Regression tests indicated reliable relationships between biomarkers and histological grade regarding the aggressiveness of the tumor and the prognosis of the patient. The prognostic analysis shows the correlation of a given biomarker to the result of patient’s condition, such as survival and recurrence rates.
Conclusion: BRCA1, E-Cadherin and VEGF have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the progression and characteristics of breast cancer in the findings. The differences occur in association with the histologic grades and therefore has prospect for refining the diagnostic efficacy and prognosis of the disease. Thus, the future research might revolve around the enlargement of the sample and identification of new biomarkers to improve breast cancer treatment.
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Dr. Zunaira Qayyum
Assistant Professor of Pathology, MBBSMC Mirpur Azad Kashmir
Dr. Saad Maroof Saeed
Locum Pathologist, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital-Outreach Laboratory, Faisalabad
Dr. Iram Asrar
Assistant Professor of Pathology, ABWA Medical College, Faisalabad
Dr. Sadaf Zahid
Department of Pathology, SIMS Lahore
Dr. Sakina Jamil
Assistant Professor of Pathology, Pak Red Crescent Medical and Dental College, Lahore
Dr. Sarah Riaz
Assistant Professor of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore