HIGH DEGREE AV NODAL BLOCK IN ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ASSOCIATED 30-DAYS MORTALITY AND NEED OF PERMANENT PACEMAKER AND ITS CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS
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Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a grave clinical condition and remains a leading cause of mortality all over the world. It occurs due to loss of blood supply to part of the heart muscle resulting in tissue injury as a result of oxygen deprivation 1. Myocardial infarction is considered part of a spectrum referred to as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The ACS continuum represents ongoing myocardial ischemia or injury and it consists of unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
References
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6. Bonaca MP, Wiviott SD, Braunwald E. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology/World Heart Federation universal definition of myocardial infarction classification system and the risk of cardiovascular death: observations from the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial. Circulation. 2012;125(4):577–83
7. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE Jr, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127(4):362–42.
8. Gang UJO, Hvelplund A, Pedersen S, Iversen A, Jons C, Abildstrom SZ, et al. High-degree atrioventricular block complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Europace 2012;14:1639–45.
9. Harikrishnan P, Gupta T, Palaniswamy C, Kolte D, Khera S, Mujib M, et al. Complete heart block complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2015;1:529–38.
10. Singh SM, FitzGerald G, Yan AT, Brieger D, Fox KAA, López-Sendón J, et al. High-grade atrioventricular block in acute coronary syndromes: insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Eur Heart J 2015;36:976–83.
11. Kosmidou I, Redfors B, Dordi R, Dizon JM, McAndrew T, Mehran R, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of high-grade atrioventricular block in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2017;119:1295–301.
12. Iqbal MA, Hadi A, Ahmad F, Shah ST, Haq MR, Iqbal A, et al. Conduction disturbances in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction and in-hospital outcomes. Pak Heart J. 2014;47(3): 156–61.
13. Bhalli MA, Khan MQ, Samore NA, Mehreen S. Frequency and clinical outcome in conduction defects in acute myocardial infarction. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009;21(3):32–7.
14. Hashmi KA, Shehzad A, Hashmi AA, Khan A. Atrioventricular block after acute myocardial infarction and its association with other clinical parameters in Pakistani patients: an institutional perspective. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):1-4.
15. Misumida N, Ogunbayo GO, Kim SM, Abdel-Latif A, Ziada KM, Elayi CS. Frequency and significance of high-degree atrioventricular block and sinoatrial node dysfunction in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122(10):1598-603.
16. Khaznadar AAJ, Mahmood KH. Prevalence of conduction defects in patients with acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Dis Diagn. 2019,7(4):2-7.
2. Gómez-Talavera, S.; Vivas, D.; Perez-Vizcayno, M.J.; Hernández-Antolín, R.; Fernández-Ortíz, A.; Bañuelos, C.; Escaned, J.; Jiménez-Quevedoet, P.; Viliani, D.; Vilacosta, I.; et al. Prognostic implications of atrioventricular block in patients undergoing primary coronaryangioplasty in the stent era. Acute Card Care 2014, 16, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
3. Gang, U.J.; Hvelplund, A.; Pedersen, S.; Iversen, A.; Jøns, C.; Abildstrøm, S.Z.; Haarbo, J.; Jensen, J.S.; Thomsen, P.E. High-degree atrioventricular block complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionin the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Europace 2012, 14, 1639–1645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
4. Auffret, V.; Loirat, A.; Leurent, G.; Martins, R.P.; Filippi, E.; Coudert, I.; Hacot, J.P.; Gilard, M.; Castellant, P.; Rialan, A.; et al. High-degree atrioventricular block complicating ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the contemporary era. Heart 2016, 102, 40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
5. Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2011;32(23):2999–3054.
6. Bonaca MP, Wiviott SD, Braunwald E. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology/World Heart Federation universal definition of myocardial infarction classification system and the risk of cardiovascular death: observations from the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial. Circulation. 2012;125(4):577–83
7. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE Jr, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127(4):362–42.
8. Gang UJO, Hvelplund A, Pedersen S, Iversen A, Jons C, Abildstrom SZ, et al. High-degree atrioventricular block complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Europace 2012;14:1639–45.
9. Harikrishnan P, Gupta T, Palaniswamy C, Kolte D, Khera S, Mujib M, et al. Complete heart block complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2015;1:529–38.
10. Singh SM, FitzGerald G, Yan AT, Brieger D, Fox KAA, López-Sendón J, et al. High-grade atrioventricular block in acute coronary syndromes: insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Eur Heart J 2015;36:976–83.
11. Kosmidou I, Redfors B, Dordi R, Dizon JM, McAndrew T, Mehran R, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of high-grade atrioventricular block in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2017;119:1295–301.
12. Iqbal MA, Hadi A, Ahmad F, Shah ST, Haq MR, Iqbal A, et al. Conduction disturbances in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction and in-hospital outcomes. Pak Heart J. 2014;47(3): 156–61.
13. Bhalli MA, Khan MQ, Samore NA, Mehreen S. Frequency and clinical outcome in conduction defects in acute myocardial infarction. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009;21(3):32–7.
14. Hashmi KA, Shehzad A, Hashmi AA, Khan A. Atrioventricular block after acute myocardial infarction and its association with other clinical parameters in Pakistani patients: an institutional perspective. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):1-4.
15. Misumida N, Ogunbayo GO, Kim SM, Abdel-Latif A, Ziada KM, Elayi CS. Frequency and significance of high-degree atrioventricular block and sinoatrial node dysfunction in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122(10):1598-603.
16. Khaznadar AAJ, Mahmood KH. Prevalence of conduction defects in patients with acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Dis Diagn. 2019,7(4):2-7.
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Published
Jul 26, 2024
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Dr Liaqat Hussain, Dr Omesh Kumar, Dr Lachham, Dr Yousaf Ali, Dr Chandar Parkash, Dr Sumaiya Muhammad Iqbal Memon, & Dr Abdul Basit. (2024). HIGH DEGREE AV NODAL BLOCK IN ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ASSOCIATED 30-DAYS MORTALITY AND NEED OF PERMANENT PACEMAKER AND ITS CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(7), 980–990. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i7.7149
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Author Biographies
Dr Liaqat Hussain
Clinical fellow NICVD karachi
Dr Omesh Kumar
Clinical fellow NICVD karachi
Dr Lachham
Clinical fellow NICVD karachi
Dr Yousaf Ali
Clinical Fellow General Medicine Hull Royal Infirmary
Dr Chandar Parkash
Assistant Professor Cardiology NICVD
Dr Sumaiya Muhammad Iqbal Memon
Senior registrar Adult Cardiology NICVD karachi
Dr Abdul Basit
Intervention Cardiology Fellow Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar