EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF APREMILAST IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE PLAQUE PSORIASIS

Abstract

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, has shown promise in managing moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis without severe side effects associated with other systemic treatments.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Apremilast monotherapy in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis over a 12-week period.

Methods: A quantitative study was conducted at PIMS hospital Islamabad with a sample of 40 participants. Patients aged 18 years and above, diagnosed with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and not on oral medications for psoriasis for last three months, were included. The study employed a pre-test and multiple post-tests to evaluate Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Apremilast was administered starting at 15 mg once daily, gradually increased ( 15 mg per day) to 30 mg twice daily. Comprehensive assessments included physical and psychiatric evaluations, with follow-ups and laboratory tests to monitor side effects and efficacy. Standard deviations of PASI scores were calculated to assess changes over time.

Results: The study observed a significant decrease in mean PASI scores from 14.60 (±4.37) at baseline to 7.08 (±3.23) at week 12. Side effects were minimal, with 70% of participants reporting no side effects. Most common adverse effects were nausea (10%), diarrhea (7.5%), and headache (5%).

Conclusion: Apremilast monotherapy is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, demonstrating significant improvements in PASI scores with minimal side effects.