ENCEPHALOCELE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Encephalocele, Neurosurgery.
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital deformities, or neural tube closure abnormalities, result from erroneous or incomplete neural tube closure during embryonic development. Encephalocele, a rare congenital central nervous system defect, occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 live births. Folic acid deficiency is a significant risk factor and has a similar influence on the emergence of spina bifida and anencephaly. Encephalocele can occur independently or with other deformities, such as microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, and myelomeningocele.
Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted by consulting the SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PubMed databases from February to September 2022. The inclusion criteria required articles written in English, published between 2011 and 2022, and containing at least two relevant keywords.
Results: The analysis included one case series, eight clinical cases, and a retrospective observational cohort study involving 400 individuals. The discussion focused on the pathophysiology of encephalocele, its psychological impact, and reconstructive surgical approaches. The reviewed articles demonstrated that encephalocele and meningoencephalocele can be treated using various neurosurgical techniques.
Discussion: There is no universally ideal approach for treating encephalocele; each case requires careful and unique consideration. The involvement of a multidisciplinary team and a synergistic action plan between the plastic surgeon and neurosurgeon are essential for achieving the best outcomes.
Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach is critical for optimal treatment outcomes in encephalocele cases. Further research is needed to refine and improve treatment strategies.
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Wahab Moustafa
Mr, Department of Spine Surgery and Neurotrauma Unit, SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Germany
Imesha Kalansuriya
Medical Student, Medical University of the Americas, St. Kitts and Nevis
Ali Hassan
Specialty Registrar, Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, United Kingdom
Tariq Rafique
Assistant Professor, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Pakistan
Mohit Lakkimsetti
MBBS, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, India
Laraib Ahmed
Doctor, Department of Surgery, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Mohamad Kinan Sultan
Mr, Department of Spine Surgery and Neurotrauma Unit, SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Germany
Salah Maksoud
Mr, Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Klinikum Darmstadt, Germany