EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TREATMENTS IN DIFFERENT PEA VERITIES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS ON WATER RELATION, GASEOUS EXCHANGE AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Biochemical, Drought stress, Pea varieties, Water relations
Abstract
The main purpose of this pot experiment at the Botanical Gardens of GCUF is to determine out which treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) may mitigate the effects of drought on different types of peas over a duration of 60 days. There were four treatment groups in the randomized full block design: T1 (control), T2 (NO treatment 0.1 mM), T3 (H2O2 treatment 1 mM), and T4 (Combined NO 0.1 mM and H2O2 1 mM Treatment). The findings show that, for all pea types (Meteor, Sarsabaz, Climax, and Supreme), the combination treatment (T4) consistently had the greatest favorable impact on water related parameters. Relative Water Content (RWC) increased by 2.5% on average, Leaf Osmotic Potential (LOP) improved by 0.9 MPa, Leaf Turgor Potential (LTP) increased by 0.3 MPa, and Leaf Water Potential (LWP) improved by 0.4 MPa on average upon treatment with T4. Furthermore, T4 had a favorable effect on the levels of carotenoid and chlorophyll, with an average increase of 0.8 μg/g fresh weight and 7.3% for chlorophyll, respectively. Gas exchange parameters, with an average increase of 2.1 μmol/m²/s, 1.2 mmol/m³/s, and 0.03 mmol/m²/s, respectively, were greatly improved by T4. These parameters included photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. These results highlight that NO and H2O2 treatments can improve water relations, biochemical parameters, and gas exchange while reducing drought stress in pea types. To clarify the underlying mechanics and useful uses for agriculture, more research is necessary. This research contributes to our knowledge of plant physiology and environmental responses, which is helpful for improving practices in agriculture.
References
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31. Roychoudhury, A., Banerjee, A., & Lahiri, V. (2015). Metabolic and molecular-genetic regulation of proline signaling and itscross-talk with major effectors mediates abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Turkish Journal of Botany, 39(6), 887-910.
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33. Su, F., Jacquard, C., Villaume, S., Michel, J., Rabenoelina, F., Clément, C., ... & Vaillant-Gaveau, N. (2015). Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN reduces impact of freezing temperatures on photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Frontiers in plant science, 6, 810.
34. Éva, C., Oszvald, M., & Tamás, L. (2019). Current and possible approaches for improving photosynthetic efficiency. Plant Science, 280, 433-440.
35. Adamipour, N., Khosh-Khui, M., Salehi, H., Razi, H., Karami, A., & Moghadam, A. (2020). Regulation of stomatal aperture in response to drought stress mediating with polyamines, nitric oxide synthase and hydrogen peroxide in Rosa canina L. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 15(9), 1790844.
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37. Li, Y., Li, H., Li, Y., & Zhang, S. (2017). Improving water-use efficiency by decreasing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to maintain higher ear photosynthetic rate in drought-resistant wheat. The crop journal, 5(3), 231-239.
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2. Devi, P., Dey, S. R., Saini, L., Kumar, P., Panigrahi, S., & Dwivedi, P. (2023). Toward Sustainable Agriculture: Strategies Involving Phytoprotectants Against Reactive Oxygen Species. In Reactive Oxygen Species: Prospects in Plant Metabolism (pp. 229-247). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
3. Dikilitas, M., Simsek, E., & Roychoudhury, A. (2020). Role of proline and glycine betaine in overcoming abiotic stresses. Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress: Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives, 1-23.
4. Dodt, M. G. (2017). Characterisation of root architectural responses of mungbean to water deficit (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology).
5. Goyal, M., Singh, J., Kumr, P., & Sirohi, A. (2018). Pulses for human nutritional security. Pulse Improvement: Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Perspectives, 1-11.
6. Gupta, K., Sengupta, A., Chakraborty, M., & Gupta, B. (2016). Hydrogen peroxide and polyamines act as double-edged swords in plant abiotic stress responses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1343.
7. Khan, M., Ali, S., Al Azzawi, T. N. I., & Yun, B. W. (2023). Nitric Oxide Acts as a Key Signaling Molecule in Plant Development under Stressful Conditions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 4782.
8. Marthandan, V., Geetha, R., Kumutha, K., Renganathan, V. G., Karthikeyan, A., & Ramalingam, J. (2020). Seed priming: A feasible strategy to enhance drought tolerance in crop plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 8258.
9. Mauck, K. E., Kenney, J., & Chesnais, Q. (2019). Progress and challenges in identifying molecular mechanisms underlying host and vector manipulation by plant viruses. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 33, 7-18.
10. Nadeem, M., Li, J., Yahya, M., Sher, A., Ma, C., Wang, X., & Qiu, L. (2019). Research progress and perspective on drought stress in legumes: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(10), 2541.
11. Onaga, G., & Wydra, K. (2016). Advances in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Plant Genomics, 10(9), 229-272.
12. Ozougwu, J. C. (2016). The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in oxidative stress. International Journal of Research, 1(8).
13. Ozturk, M., Turkyilmaz Unal, B., García‐Caparrós, P., Khursheed, A., Gul, A., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2021). Osmoregulation and its actions during the drought stress in plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 172(2), 1321-1335.
14. Palanivel, H., & Shah, S. (2021). Unlocking the inherent potential of plant genetic resources: Food security and climate adaptation strategy in Fiji and the Pacific. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(10), 14264-14323.
15. Rane, J., Singh, A. K., Kumar, M., Boraiah, K. M., Meena, K. K., Pradhan, A., & Prasad, P. V. (2021). The adaptation and tolerance of major cereals and legumes to important abiotic stresses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(23), 12970.
16. Sachdev, S., Ansari, S. A., Ansari, M. I., Fujita, M., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2021). Abiotic stress and reactive oxygen species: Generation, signaling, and defense mechanisms. Antioxidants, 10(2), 277.
17. Savvides, A., Ali, S., Tester, M., & Fotopoulos, V. (2016). Chemical priming of plants against multiple abiotic stresses: Mission possible? Trends in Plant Science, 21(4), 329-340.
18. Saxena, R., Kumar, M., & Tomar, R. S. (2019). Plant responses and resilience towards drought and salinity stress. Plant Arch, 19(Suppl 2), 50-58.
19. Shen, J., Wang, L., Wang, X., Jin, K., & Xiong, C. (2021). Interplay between root structure and function in enhancing efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition. The Root Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification, 121-157.
20. Singh, A., Mehta, S., Yadav, S., Nagar, G., Ghosh, R., Roy, A., ... & Singh, I. K. (2022). How to cope with the challenges of environmental stresses in the era of global climate change: An update on ROS stave off in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(4), 1995.
21. Tripathy, S., & Mohanty, P. K. (2017). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are boon or bane. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(1), 1.
22. Tyagi, A., Ali, S., Ramakrishna, G., Singh, A., Park, S., Mahmoudi, H., & Bae, H. (2023). Revisiting the role of polyamines in plant growth and abiotic stress resilience: Mechanisms, crosstalk, and future perspectives. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(8), 5074-5098.
23. Wojtyla, Ł., Lechowska, K., Kubala, S., & Garnczarska, M. (2016). Different modes of hydrogen peroxide action during seed germination. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 66.
24. Osman, H. S. (2015). Enhancing antioxidant–yield relationship of pea plant under drought at different growth stages by exogenously applied glycine betaine and proline. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 60(2), 389-402.
25. Rai, K. K., Rai, N., Aamir, M., Tripathi, D., & Rai, S. P. (2020). Interactive role of salicylic acid and nitric oxide on transcriptional reprogramming for high temperature tolerance in Lablab purpureus L.: Structural and functional insights using computational approaches. Journal of biotechnology, 309, 113-130.
26. Habib, N., Ali, Q., Ali, S., Javed, M. T., Zulqurnain Haider, M., Perveen, R., ... & Bin-Jumah, M. (2020). Use of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide for better yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit conditions: growth, osmoregulation, and antioxidative defense mechanism. Plants, 9(2), 285.
27. Asgher, M., Per, T. S., Masood, A., Fatma, M., Freschi, L., Corpas, F. J., & Khan, N. A. (2017). Nitric oxide signaling and its crosstalk with other plant growth regulators in plant responses to abiotic stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 2273-2285.
28. Araújo, S. S., Beebe, S., Crespi, M., Delbreil, B., González, E. M., Gruber, V., ... & Patto, M. C. V. (2015). Abiotic stress responses in legumes: strategies used to cope with environmental challenges. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 34(1-3), 237-280.
29. Bagheri, M., Santos, C. S., Rubiales, D., & Vasconcelos, M. W. (2023). Challenges in pea breeding for tolerance to drought: Status and prospects. Annals of Applied Biology, 183(2), 108-120.
30. Anwar, T., Munwwar, F., Qureshi, H., Siddiqi, E. H., Hanif, A., Anwaar, S., ... & Kamal, A. (2023). Synergistic effect of biochar-based compounds from vegetable wastes and gibberellic acid on wheat growth under salinity stress. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 19024.
31. Roychoudhury, A., Banerjee, A., & Lahiri, V. (2015). Metabolic and molecular-genetic regulation of proline signaling and itscross-talk with major effectors mediates abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Turkish Journal of Botany, 39(6), 887-910.
32. Tang, Z., Ju, Y., Dai, X., Ni, N., Liu, Y., Zhang, D., ... & Gu, P. (2021). HO-1-mediated ferroptosis as a target for protection against retinal pigment epithelium degeneration. Redox biology, 43, 101971.
33. Su, F., Jacquard, C., Villaume, S., Michel, J., Rabenoelina, F., Clément, C., ... & Vaillant-Gaveau, N. (2015). Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN reduces impact of freezing temperatures on photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Frontiers in plant science, 6, 810.
34. Éva, C., Oszvald, M., & Tamás, L. (2019). Current and possible approaches for improving photosynthetic efficiency. Plant Science, 280, 433-440.
35. Adamipour, N., Khosh-Khui, M., Salehi, H., Razi, H., Karami, A., & Moghadam, A. (2020). Regulation of stomatal aperture in response to drought stress mediating with polyamines, nitric oxide synthase and hydrogen peroxide in Rosa canina L. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 15(9), 1790844.
36. De Sousa, L. F., de Menezes‐Silva, P. E., Lourenço, L. L., Galmés, J., Guimarães, A. C., da Silva, A. F., ... & Farnese, F. D. S. (2020). Improving water use efficiency by changing hydraulic and stomatal characteristics in soybean exposed to drought: the involvement of nitric oxide. Physiologia plantarum, 168(3), 576-589.
37. Li, Y., Li, H., Li, Y., & Zhang, S. (2017). Improving water-use efficiency by decreasing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to maintain higher ear photosynthetic rate in drought-resistant wheat. The crop journal, 5(3), 231-239.
38. Ullah, H., Santiago-Arenas, R., Ferdous, Z., Attia, A., & Datta, A. (2019). Improving water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and radiation use efficiency in field crops under drought stress: A review. Advances in agronomy, 156, 109-157.
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Jul 10, 2024
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Muhammad Kamran Afzal, Dr. Noman Habib, & Shamsa Rana. (2024). EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TREATMENTS IN DIFFERENT PEA VERITIES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS ON WATER RELATION, GASEOUS EXCHANGE AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(7), 377–392. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i7.6967
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Author Biographies
Muhammad Kamran Afzal
Department of Botany, GC University, Faisalabad Pakistan
Dr. Noman Habib
Department of Botany, GC University, Faisalabad Pakistan
Shamsa Rana
Department of Botany, GC University, Faisalabad Pakistan