ZOONOTIC DISEASES AT THE WILDLIFE-HUMAN INTERFACE OF SHARED PATHOGENS AND EMERGING HEALTH THREATS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Diseases, Pathogens, Transmitted, Threats, Zoonotic
Abstract
This study is to investigate zoonotic diseases related to the interaction between humans and wildlife, with a focus especially on shared pathogens and emerging health hazards. This study investigates not only diseases that are transmitted directly, such as Rabies, Ebola Virus Disease, Leptospirosis, and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, but also diseases that are transmitted by mosquitoes, such as Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis, Japanese Encephalitis, Tick-borne Encephalitis, Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever, and Kyasanur Forest Disease, as well as diseases that are transmitted by birds, such as Parrot Fever and Avian influenza. A study is carried out on each disease, taking into consideration its historical background, transmission dynamics, vectors, vertebrate hosts, and outbreaks that are related to it. The research highlights the linked interaction that exists between humans, animals, and the environment.
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2. Karesh WB, Dobson A, Lloyd-Smith JO, Lubroth J, Dixon MA, Bennett M, et al. Ecology of zoonoses: natural and unnatural histories. The Lancet. 2012;380(9857):1936-45.
3. Siembieda J, Kock R, McCracken T, Newman S. The role of wildlife in transboundary animal diseases. Animal Health Research Reviews. 2011;12(1):95-111.
4. Williams EP, Spruill-Harrell BM, Taylor MK, Lee J, Nywening AV, Yang Z, et al. Common themes in zoonotic spillover and disease emergence: lessons learned from bat-and Rodent-Borne RNA viruses. Viruses. 2021;13(8):1509.
5. Esch KJ, Petersen CA. Transmission and epidemiology of zoonotic protozoal diseases of companion animals. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2013;26(1):58-85.
6. Brooks JE, Jackson WB. A review of commensal rodents and their control. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control. 1973;3(1-4):405-53.
7. Deshpande G, Beetch JE, Heller JG, Naqvi OH, Kuhn KG. Assessing the Influence of Climate Change and Environmental Factors on the Top Tick-Borne Diseases in the United States: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms. 2023;12(1):50.
8. Mackenzie JS, Jeggo M, Daszak P, Richt JA. One Health: The human-animal-environment interfaces in emerging infectious diseases: Springer; 2013.
9. Conrad PA, Meek LA, Dumit J. Operationalizing a One Health approach to global health challenges. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2013;36(3):211-6.
10. Singh R, Singh KP, Cherian S, Saminathan M, Kapoor S, Manjunatha Reddy G, et al. Rabies–epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):212-51.
11. Bilal A. Rabies is a zoonotic disease: a literature review. Occup Med Health Aff. 2021;9(2).
12. Brookes VJ, Gill GS, Singh BB, Sandhu BS, Dhand NK, Aulakh RS, et al. Challenges to human rabies elimination highlighted following a rabies outbreak in bovines and a human in Punjab, India. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2019;66(3):325-36.
13. Rupprecht C, Kuzmin I, Meslin F. Lyssaviruses and rabies: current conundrums, concerns, contradictions and controversies. F1000Research. 2017;6.
14. Da Rosa ES, Kotait I, Barbosa TF, Carrieri ML, Brandão PE, Pinheiro AS, et al. Bat-transmitted human rabies outbreaks, Brazilian Amazon. Emerging infectious diseases. 2006;12(8):1197.
15. Ullah MK, Bilal A, Nazar I, Khan MS, Nawaz Y, Nawaz K. Breast cancer and its treatment: An overview. Journal of MAR Case Reports. 2021;3(4):1-9.
16. Lopez RA, Miranda PP, Tejada VE, Fishbein D. Outbreak of human rabies in the Peruvian jungle. The lancet. 1992;339(8790):408-11.
17. Bilal A, Iqbal A, Rauf A, Azam AR. Top outbreaks of 21st century: a review. Palliat Med Care Int J. 2021;4(2).
18. Mtui-Malamsha N, Sallu R, Mahiti GR, Mohamed H, OleNeselle M, Rubegwa B, et al. Ecological and epidemiological findings associated with zoonotic rabies outbreaks and control in Moshi, Tanzania, 2017–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(16):2816.
19. Rajak H, Jain DK, Singh A, Sharma AK, Dixit A. Ebola virus disease: past, present and future. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2015;5(5):337-43.
20. Moghadam SRJ, Omidi N, Bayrami S, Moghadam SJ, SeyedAlinaghi S. Ebola viral disease: a review literature. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2015;5(4):260-7.
21. Rewar S, Mirdha D. Transmission of Ebola virus disease: an overview. Annals of global health. 2014;80(6):444-51.
22. Ahmad RZ, Khan MS, Bilal A, Ali U, Sattar RZ. Effect of Locus of Control and Depression Among Young Adults in Multan (Pakistan). Journal of Asian Development Studies. 2023;12(4):684-92.
23. Gatherer D. The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa. Journal of general virology. 2014;95(8):1619-24.
24. Fraga TR, Carvalho E, Isaac L, Barbosa AS. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Molecular medical microbiology: Elsevier; 2024. p. 1849-71.
25. Samrot AV, Sean TC, Bhavya KS, Sahithya CS, Chan-Drasekaran S, Palanisamy R, et al. Leptospiral infection, pathogenesis and its diagnosis—A review. Pathogens. 2021;10(2):145.
26. Md-Lasim A, Mohd-Taib FS, Abdul-Halim M, Mohd-Ngesom AM, Nathan S, Md-Nor S. Leptospirosis and coinfection: should we be concerned? International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;18(17):9411.
27. Adler B, Lo M, Seemann T, Murray GL. Pathogenesis of leptospirosis: the influence of genomics. Veterinary microbiology. 2011;153(1-2):73-81.
28. Afzal MA, Umer; Riaz, Adeel; Tanvir, Fouzia; Bilal, Asif; Ahmad, Sibtain. IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF DELETERIOUS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) OF LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR (LIF), AND THEIR CONFORMATIONAL PREDICTIONS. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology. 2024;31(1):2792-811.
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Jun 3, 2024
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ZOONOTIC DISEASES AT THE WILDLIFE-HUMAN INTERFACE OF SHARED PATHOGENS AND EMERGING HEALTH THREATS. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(6), 114-138. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.6460
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Author Biographies
Syed Ali Haider Shah
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Nimra Sagheer
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Ghanwa Fatima
Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
Hussain Ali Shah
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Muhammad Kashif Aslam
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Umair Riaz Wattoo
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Maria Amjad
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Muhammad Qasim
Department of Zoology, University of Lahore Sargodha campus
How to Cite
ZOONOTIC DISEASES AT THE WILDLIFE-HUMAN INTERFACE OF SHARED PATHOGENS AND EMERGING HEALTH THREATS. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(6), 114-138. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.6460