FLOW INJECTION DETERMINATION OF PARACETAMOL IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS USING LUMINOL – DIPERIODATOARGENTATE (III) SYSTEM WITH CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION
Main Article Content
Keywords
Flow injection, chemiluminescence, luminol, diperiodatoargentate (DPA), tablets
Abstract
A simple flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method has been developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of paracetamol (PCM) in pharmaceutical formulations. Utilizing luminol-diperiodatoargentate (III) (DPA) system and optimizing all parameters, we attained an effective linearity range of 0.075-0.75 mg L-1, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9999. The method showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 7 × 10-4 mg L-1, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2 × 10-3 mg L-1, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.3-1.1%, which indicated high precision. Furthermore, the method achieved a high injection throughput of 120 h-1, which showed it was suitable for real-world applications. Validation through comparison with a reported FI-CL method using the paired Student's t-test shown no significant differences at the 95% confidence level, and the method was successfully applied to determine PCM in pharmaceutical tablets.
References
[2] A. Bertolini, A. Ferrari, A. Ottani, S. Guerzoni, R. Tacchi, and S. Leone, CNS Drug Rev 12, 250 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.x.
[3] H. Haas, History of Antipyretic Analgesic Therapy 75, 1 (1983).
[4] C. V. Sharma and V. Mehta, Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain 14, 153 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkt049.
[5] S.S. Ayoub, Temperature 8, 351 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1886392.
[6] Prescott, Paracetamol Overdosage Pharmacological Considerations and Clinical Management (1983).
[7] U. Freo, C. Ruocco, A. Valerio, I. Scagnol, and E. Nisoli, J Clin Med 10, (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153420.
[8] C.D. Funk, Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: Advances in Eicosanoid Biology 294, 1871 (2001).
[9] C.E. Trebino, J.L. Stock, C.P. Gibbons, B.M. Naiman, T.S. Wachtmann, J.P. Umland, K. Pandher, J.-M. Lapointe, S. Saha, M.L. Roach, D. Carter, N.A. Thomas, B.A. Durtschi, J.D. Mcneish, J.E. Hambor, J. Jakobsson, T.J. Carty, J.R. Perez, and L.P. Audoly, Impaired Inflammatory and Pain Responses in Mice Lacking an Inducible Prostaglandin E Synthase (2003).
[10] C. Abdel Shaheed, G.E. Ferreira, A. Dmitritchenko, A.J. McLachlan, R.O. Day, B. Saragiotto, C. Lin, V. Langendyk, F. Stanaway, J. Latimer, S. Kamper, H. McLachlan, H. Ahedi, and C.G. Maher, Medical Journal of Australia 214, 324 (2021). https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50992
[11] L.L. Mazaleuskaya, K. Sangkuhl, C.F. Thorn, G.A. Fitzgerald, R.B. Altman, and T.E. Klein, Pharmacogenet Genomics 25, 416 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0000000000000150.
[12] Y. Zhou, T.T. Sham, C. Boisdon, B.L. Smith, J.C. Blair, D.B. Hawcutt, and S. Maher, Analyst 148, 5366 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an00850a.
[13] C. Loh, R. Ponampalam, and L. Chin Siew, Nephrotoxicity Associated with Acute Paracetamol Overdose: A Case Report and Review of the Literature 13, 105 (2006).
[14] B. Doğan, A. Elik, and N. Altunay, Microchemical Journal 154, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104645.
[15] G. Byran and S. Rajan, A Validated RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Diclofenac Potassium in Pharmaceutical Formulation (2010).
[16] C. Sornchaithawatwong, S. Vorrarat, and P. Nunthanavanit, SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PARACETAMOL AND ITS MAIN DEGRADATION PRODUCT IN GENERIC PARACETAMOL TABLETS USING REVERSE-PHASE HPLC (2010).
[17] F. Sellmoğlu°, Y. Kadıoğlu, and E. Ddnç, Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Paracetamol, Aspirin in Tablets Using UPLC (2016).
[18] T. Belal, T. Awad, and C.R. Clark, DRUG FORMULATIONS AND CLINICAL METHODS Stability-Indicating Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Three of Its Related Substances Using a Direct GC/MS Method (2009).
[19] P. Nagendra, Spectrophotometric Estimation of Paracetamol in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations (2011).
[20] C.O. Nnadi, M.O. Agbo, P.F. Uzor, L.O. Ugwu, and C. Okeke, Development of Differential Spectrophotometric Method for Assay of Paracetamol in Pure and Tablet Dosage Forms (2013).
[21] M. Amare and W. Teklay, Cogent Chem 5, 1576349 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/23312009.2019.1576349.
[22] I. Sadok, J. Paul, and K. Tyszczuk-Rotko, Insights Anal Electrochem 1, 1 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4172/2470-9867.100001.
[23] S. Zhao, W. Bai, H. Yuan, and D. Xiao, Anal Chim Acta 559, 195 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.071.
[24] R.R. Cunha, M.M.A.C. Ribeiro, R.A.A. Muñoz, and E.M. Richter, J Sep Sci 40, 1815 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201601275.
[25] D. Easwaramoorthy, Y.-C. Yu, and H.-J. Huang, Chemiluminescence Detection of Paracetamol by a Luminol-Permanganate Based Reaction (2001).
[26] W. Ruengsitagoon, S. Liawruangrath, and A. Townshend, Talanta 69, 976 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.11.050.
[27] C. Dodeigne, L. Thunus, and R. Lejeune, Chemiluminescence as Diagnostic Tool. A Review (2000).
[28] M. Moazzam, M. Asghar, M. Yaqoob, S. Ali, and M.A. Siddiqui, Journal of Analytical Chemistry 78, 694 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934823060084.
[29] H.U. Rehman, A.U.R. Kakar, M. Yaqoob, M. Asghar, S. Saeed Ahmed, and K.U. Nisa, Luminescence 38, 99 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4420.
[30] Y. Su, H. Chen, Z. Wang, and Y. Lv, Appl Spectrosc Rev 42, 139 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1080/05704920601184275.
[31] I.I. Timofeeva, C.S. Vakh, A. V. Bulatov, and P.J. Worsfold, Talanta 179, 246 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.007.
[32] I. Al Yahyai and H.A.J. Al-Lawati, Luminescence 36, 266 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.3947.
[33] A. Waseem, M. Yaqoob, and A. Nabi, Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Analytical Applications of Flow Injection Chemiluminescence for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals-A Review (2013).
[34] F. Barni, S.W. Lewis, A. Berti, G.M. Miskelly, and G. Lago, Talanta 72, 896 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.12.045.
[35] M. Asghar, F. Ameen, S. Al-Nadhari, A. Waseem, M. Yaqoob, A.A. Alarfaj, and A. Nabi, A Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Method for the Determination of Retinol in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Using Luminol-Diperiodatoargentate(III) Reaction (2020).
[36] L. Xue, M. Zhang, G. Li, J. Cao, and H. Yao, Green Chem Lett Rev 14, 393 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2021.1921285.
[37] M. Su, P. Chen, and H. Sun, TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 100, 36 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.018.
[38] C. Yang, Z. Zhang, and J. Wang, Luminescence 25, 36 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.1140.
[39] S. Emdadi, M.H. Sorouraddin, and L. Denanny, Analyst 146, 1326 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0an01557a.
[40] R.A. Granberg and Å.C. Rasmuson, J Chem Eng Data 44, 1391 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/je990124v.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Abdul Hakeem
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Naqeebullah Khan
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Rehana Kamal
Gynecology Department, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
Attiq-Ur-Rehman Kakar
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Samiullah
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Habiba Taj
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Khair Un Nisa
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan