QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG SAUDI NURSE MANAGERS IN THE MAKKAH REGION IN SAUDI ARABIA
Main Article Content
Keywords
quality work life, anticipated turnover, nurse, nursing, leaders, manager, Saudi Arabia, Saudi nurse
Abstract
The problem of nurse managers’ high turnover rate and its effects on the healthcare system has been examined in previous studies. Through analysing the quality of nurse managers’ working lives, the reasons they leave their jobs can be determined. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of working life and turnover intentions among nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study employed a cross-sectional correlational research design to study 231 nurse managers who took part in the investigation. The results of the study revealed that the Saudi nurse managers had a moderate level of overall quality of work life (QWL) (118.10±33.64). In addition, all the dimensions of QWL, such as work/home life balance, work context, work design, and work world, were reported as moderate. The nurse managers’ intent to leave their jobs in this study was also observed to be moderate. Furthermore, socio-demographic factors such as shift change, compensation, compensation position, and compensation for certificates related to the QWL and their intent to leave (p < 0.05). Quality of work life correlated with the intent to leave, and among the dimensions of QWL, only work life and work world predicted the intention of nurse managers to leave their jobs. The findings of this study showed that healthcare institutions must ensure that quality of work life is improved not only for nurse managers, but also for other healthcare professionals through establishing flexible working schedules, favourable working environments, higher compensation, and open communication among colleagues.
References
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27. Faraji, O., Salehnejad, G., Gahramani, S., & Valiee, S. (2017). The relation between nurses’ quality of work life with intention to leave their job. Nursing Practice Today, 4(2), 103–111.
28. Hashemi Dehaghi, Z. & Sheikhtaheri, A. (2014). Quality of work life and job satisfaction of nursing managers. Iranian J Publ Health, 43(4), 537–538.
29. Hayes, B., Douglas, C., & Bonner, A. (2015). Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among haemodialysis nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(5), 588–598.
30. Hsu, M. Y., & Kernohan, G. (2006). Dimensions of hospital nurses’ quality of working life. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54(1), 120–131.
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32. Gifford, B. D., Zammuto, R. F., & Goodman, E. A. (2012). The relationship between hospital unit culture and nurses’ quality of work life. J Healthc Manag. 47(1), 13–25.
33. Kaddourah, B., Abu-Shaheen, A. K., & Al-Tannir, M. (2018). Quality of nursing work life and turnover intention among nurses of tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh: A cross-sectional survey. BMC nursing, 17(1), 1–7.
34. Khani, A., Jaafarpour, M., & Dyrekvandmogadam, A. (2008). Quality of nursing work life. J Clin Diagn Res, 2(6):1169–1174.
35. Kim, M., & Windsor, C. (2015). Resilience and work-life balance in first-line nurse manager. Asian Nursing Research, 9(1), 21–27.
36. Labrague, L. J. (2020). Organisational and professional turnover intention among nurse managers: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(6), 1275–1285.
37. Lamadah, S. M., & Sayed, H. Y. (2014). Challenges facing nursing profession in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(7), 20–25.
38. Lee, Y. W., Dai, Y. T., Park, C. G., & McCreary, L. L. (2013). Predicting quality of work life on nurses’ intention to leave. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45(2), 160–168: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12017
39. Lee, Y. W., Dai, Y. T., Chang M. Y., Change, Y. C., Yao, K. G. and Liu, M. C. (2017). Quality of work life, nurses’ intention to leave the profession, and nurses leaving the profession: A one-year prospective survey. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 49(4), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12301.
40. Mohamed, F. R., & Morsy, S. M. (2016). Work design characteristics as perceived by nurse managers at Assiut University hospital. IOSR. Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 5(1) 11–17.
41. Moradi, T., Maghaminejad, F. and Azizi-Fini, I. (2014). Quality of working life nurses and its related factors. Nurs Midwifery Stud, 3(2), 1–6.
42. Morsy, S. M., & Sabra, H. E. (2015). Relation between quality of work life and nurses job satisfaction at Assiut university hospitals. Al-azhar Assiut Medical Journal, 13(1), 163–171.
43. Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2013). Quality of working life: An antecedent to employee turnover intention. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2013.07.
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Health in Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics /book/Pages/default.aspx
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47. Parsons, M. L., & Stonestreet, J. (2003). Factors that contribute to nurse manager retention. Nursing Economics, 21(3), 120–126.
48. Privitera, Gregory J. (2015). Research methods for the behavioral sciences. SAGE Publications, 2015.
49. Sirgy MJ, Efraty D, Siegel P, Lee D-J. (2016) A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Res. 55(3), 241–302. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010986923468
50. Steege, L.M., Pinekenstein, B. J., Knudsen, E. A., & Rainbow, J. G. (2017). Exploring nurse leader fatigue: A mixed methods study. Journal of Nursing Management, 25, 276–286.
51. Suleiman, K., Hijazi, Z., Al Kalaldeh, M., & Sharour, L. A. (2019). Quality of nursing work life and related factors among emergency nurses in Jordan. Journal of Occupational Health, 61(5), 398–406.
52. Webster, J., Flint, A., & Courtney, M. (2009). A new practice environment measure based on the reality and experiences of nurses working lives. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(1), 38–48.
53. Warshawsky, N. E., & Havens, D. S. (2014). Nurse manager job satisfaction and intent to leave. Nursing Economic$, 32(1), 32.
54. Wright, T. L. (2002). Different faces of happiness unhappiness in organizational research. Journal of Business Management, 8(2), 109–126.
55. Yamaguchi, Y., Inoue, T., Harada, H. and Oike, M. (2016). Job control, work-family balance and nurse’s intention to leave their profession and organization: A comparative cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 64, 52–62.
56. Zaghloul A, Hussaini, M, and Al-Bassam N. (2016) Intention to stay and nurses’ satisfaction dimensions. AL-Hussami M. A Study of Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: The Relationship to Organizational Commitment, Perceived Organizational Support, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Level of Education. European Journal of Scientific Research. 22(2):286-295.
2. Alamri, M., & Zuraikat, N. (2011). Financial incentives system for nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 11(2), 53–57.
3. Al-Ahmadi, H. (2014). Anticipated nurses’ turnover in public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(3), 412–433.
4. Alboliteeh, M., Magarey, J., & Wiechula, R. (2017). The profile of Saudi nursing workforce: A cross-sectional study. Nursing Research and Practice., 2017.
5. Alharbi, M. F. (2018). An analysis of the Saudi health-care system’s readiness to change in the context of the Saudi National Health-care Plan in Vision 2030. International Journal of Health Sciences, 12(3), 83–87. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles /PMC5969787/
6. Alharthi, R., & Damanhouri, A. M. S. (2018). Factors influencing Saudi nurses’ turnover empirical study in ministry of health hospitals—Jeddah City. International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM), 5(2), 2349–2358.
7. Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Cimiotti, J. P., Clarke, S. P., Flynn, L., Seago, J. A., ... & Smith, H. L. (2010). Implications of the California nurse staffing mandate for other states. Health Services Research, 45(4), 904–921.
8. Almalki, M. J., FitzGerald, G., & Clark, M. (2012). The relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention of primary healthcare nurses in Saudi Arabia. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1), 1–11.
9. Alsadah, Z. O. (2017). Exploring the relationship between the quality of nurses' work life and nurses’ work engagement in hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. (Doctoral dissertation). Pennsylvania, PA: Pennsylvania State University.
10. Alasmari, H. A., & Douglas, C. (2012). Job satisfaction and intention to leave among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia. Middle East Journal of Nursing, 101(345), 1–10.
11. Alharbi, M. F., Alahmadi, B. A., Alali, M., & Alsaedi, S. (2019). Quality of nursing work life among hospital nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(8), 1722–1730.
12. Alhusaini HA. Obstacles to the efficiency and performance of Saudi nurses at the Ministry of Health, study field Analytical: Region Riyadh. Riyadh: Ministry of Health; 2016. [Google Scholar]
13. Al-Khaldi, Y. & Al-Sharif, A. (2012). Availability of resources of diabetic care in primary healthcare settings in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 23(12), 1509–1513.
14. Al-Khaldi, Y. M. & Al-Sharif, A. I. (2005). Health education resources availability for diabetes and hypertension at primary care settings, Asser Region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Community Medicine, 12(2), 75–77.
15. Al-Makhaita, H. M., Sabral, A. A. and Hafez, A. S. (2014). Job performance among nurses working in two different healthcare levels, eastern Saudi Arabia: A comparative study. Int J Med Sci Public Health, 3(7), 832–837.
16. Al-Manea, M., & Hasan, A. A. (2019). Nurses perception towards determinants of turnover in psychiatric and general hospital, Makkah province. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 53–67.
17. Alsaqri, S. (2014). A survey of intention to leave, job stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among nurses employed in the Ha’il region’s hospitals in Saudi Arabia. (Doctoral thesis). Melbourne: RMIT University.
18. Al-Sharif, A. L., & Al-Khaldi, Y. M. (2003). Resource availability for care of hypertensives at primary health settings in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J, 24(5), 466–471.
19. Akdere M. (2016) Improving quality of work-life: Implications for human resources. The Business Review, Cambridge, 6(1):173–177.
20. Biswas & Soumendu (2016) Job satisfaction and job involvement as mediators of the relationship between psychological climate and turnover intention. South Asian Journal of Management, 16(1), 27–43.
21. Brooks BA. Development of an instrument to measure quality of nurses’ worklife. University of Illinois at Chicago: Health Sciences Center; 2017. Ph.D. Thesis. [Google Scholar]
22. Brown, P., Fraser, K., Wong, C.A., Muise, M. and Cummings, G. (2013). Factors influencing intentions to stay and retention of nurse managers: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Management, 21, 459–472.
23. Choi, S. P. P., Cheung, K. I. N., & Pang, S. M. C. (2013). Attributes of nursing work environment as predictors of registered nurses’ job satisfaction and intention to leave. Journal of Nursing Management, 21(3), 429–439.
24. Chen, I. H., Brown, R., Bowers, B. J., & Chang, W. Y. (2015). Work‐to‐family conflict as a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(10), 2350–2363.
25. Eren, H., & Hisar, F. (2016). Quality of work life perceived by nurses and their organizational commitment level. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1123–1132.
26. Elshahat, E. M., Shazly, M. M., & Abd-Elazeem, H. (2019). Relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention among staff nurses. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 10(1), 178–193.
27. Faraji, O., Salehnejad, G., Gahramani, S., & Valiee, S. (2017). The relation between nurses’ quality of work life with intention to leave their job. Nursing Practice Today, 4(2), 103–111.
28. Hashemi Dehaghi, Z. & Sheikhtaheri, A. (2014). Quality of work life and job satisfaction of nursing managers. Iranian J Publ Health, 43(4), 537–538.
29. Hayes, B., Douglas, C., & Bonner, A. (2015). Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among haemodialysis nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(5), 588–598.
30. Hsu, M. Y., & Kernohan, G. (2006). Dimensions of hospital nurses’ quality of working life. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54(1), 120–131.
31. Galatsch, M., Li, J., Derycke, H., Müller, B. H., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2013). Effects of requested, forced and denied shift schedule change on work ability and health of nurses in Europe-Results from the European NEXT-Study. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1–10.
32. Gifford, B. D., Zammuto, R. F., & Goodman, E. A. (2012). The relationship between hospital unit culture and nurses’ quality of work life. J Healthc Manag. 47(1), 13–25.
33. Kaddourah, B., Abu-Shaheen, A. K., & Al-Tannir, M. (2018). Quality of nursing work life and turnover intention among nurses of tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh: A cross-sectional survey. BMC nursing, 17(1), 1–7.
34. Khani, A., Jaafarpour, M., & Dyrekvandmogadam, A. (2008). Quality of nursing work life. J Clin Diagn Res, 2(6):1169–1174.
35. Kim, M., & Windsor, C. (2015). Resilience and work-life balance in first-line nurse manager. Asian Nursing Research, 9(1), 21–27.
36. Labrague, L. J. (2020). Organisational and professional turnover intention among nurse managers: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(6), 1275–1285.
37. Lamadah, S. M., & Sayed, H. Y. (2014). Challenges facing nursing profession in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(7), 20–25.
38. Lee, Y. W., Dai, Y. T., Park, C. G., & McCreary, L. L. (2013). Predicting quality of work life on nurses’ intention to leave. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45(2), 160–168: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12017
39. Lee, Y. W., Dai, Y. T., Chang M. Y., Change, Y. C., Yao, K. G. and Liu, M. C. (2017). Quality of work life, nurses’ intention to leave the profession, and nurses leaving the profession: A one-year prospective survey. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 49(4), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12301.
40. Mohamed, F. R., & Morsy, S. M. (2016). Work design characteristics as perceived by nurse managers at Assiut University hospital. IOSR. Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 5(1) 11–17.
41. Moradi, T., Maghaminejad, F. and Azizi-Fini, I. (2014). Quality of working life nurses and its related factors. Nurs Midwifery Stud, 3(2), 1–6.
42. Morsy, S. M., & Sabra, H. E. (2015). Relation between quality of work life and nurses job satisfaction at Assiut university hospitals. Al-azhar Assiut Medical Journal, 13(1), 163–171.
43. Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2013). Quality of working life: An antecedent to employee turnover intention. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2013.07.
44. MOH. (2019). Health statistical year book for the year 2018. Riyadh: Ministry of
Health in Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics /book/Pages/default.aspx
45. Nayak, T. (2016). Impact of quality of work life on turnover intention: A study on private health care units in Odisha (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/8472/1/2016-PhD-TNayak-512SM302.pdf
46. O’Daniel, M. and Rosenstein, A. H. (2008). Communication and team collaboration. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville (MD): Agency for healthcare research and quality (US); 2008 Apr. Chapter 33.
47. Parsons, M. L., & Stonestreet, J. (2003). Factors that contribute to nurse manager retention. Nursing Economics, 21(3), 120–126.
48. Privitera, Gregory J. (2015). Research methods for the behavioral sciences. SAGE Publications, 2015.
49. Sirgy MJ, Efraty D, Siegel P, Lee D-J. (2016) A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social Indicators Res. 55(3), 241–302. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010986923468
50. Steege, L.M., Pinekenstein, B. J., Knudsen, E. A., & Rainbow, J. G. (2017). Exploring nurse leader fatigue: A mixed methods study. Journal of Nursing Management, 25, 276–286.
51. Suleiman, K., Hijazi, Z., Al Kalaldeh, M., & Sharour, L. A. (2019). Quality of nursing work life and related factors among emergency nurses in Jordan. Journal of Occupational Health, 61(5), 398–406.
52. Webster, J., Flint, A., & Courtney, M. (2009). A new practice environment measure based on the reality and experiences of nurses working lives. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(1), 38–48.
53. Warshawsky, N. E., & Havens, D. S. (2014). Nurse manager job satisfaction and intent to leave. Nursing Economic$, 32(1), 32.
54. Wright, T. L. (2002). Different faces of happiness unhappiness in organizational research. Journal of Business Management, 8(2), 109–126.
55. Yamaguchi, Y., Inoue, T., Harada, H. and Oike, M. (2016). Job control, work-family balance and nurse’s intention to leave their profession and organization: A comparative cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 64, 52–62.
56. Zaghloul A, Hussaini, M, and Al-Bassam N. (2016) Intention to stay and nurses’ satisfaction dimensions. AL-Hussami M. A Study of Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: The Relationship to Organizational Commitment, Perceived Organizational Support, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Level of Education. European Journal of Scientific Research. 22(2):286-295.
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Oct 30, 2022
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Hussam Yahia Taher Hakami, Nazeeh Sharaf Alsayali, Fehaid Khader Alsayali, Saeed Atiah Hamdan Almalki, Nawaf Hassan Abdullah Alharthi, Aml Salah Almansouri, Fatima Fatini Ali Naseeb, Nouf Ahmad Suliman Johar, & Safer Khader Alsayyali. (2022). QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG SAUDI NURSE MANAGERS IN THE MAKKAH REGION IN SAUDI ARABIA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 3034-3063. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.5782
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Author Biographies
Hussam Yahia Taher Hakami
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Nazeeh Sharaf Alsayali
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Fehaid Khader Alsayali
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Saeed Atiah Hamdan Almalki
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Nawaf Hassan Abdullah Alharthi
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Aml Salah Almansouri
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Fatima Fatini Ali Naseeb
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Nouf Ahmad Suliman Johar
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
Safer Khader Alsayyali
Nurse, MINSTRY of Health Taif Health Affairs
How to Cite
Hussam Yahia Taher Hakami, Nazeeh Sharaf Alsayali, Fehaid Khader Alsayali, Saeed Atiah Hamdan Almalki, Nawaf Hassan Abdullah Alharthi, Aml Salah Almansouri, Fatima Fatini Ali Naseeb, Nouf Ahmad Suliman Johar, & Safer Khader Alsayyali. (2022). QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG SAUDI NURSE MANAGERS IN THE MAKKAH REGION IN SAUDI ARABIA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 3034-3063. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.5782