EVALUATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING IN THE COMMUNITY

Abstract

Prostate cancer remains one of the most significant health challenges among men globally, necessitating effective screening protocols to improve early detection and treatment outcomes. This review critically examines the current landscape of prostate cancer screening within community settings, emphasizing the effectiveness of various screening modalities, including Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and Digital Rectal Exam (DRE), as well as newer techniques such as multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI). Despite the potential of these screenings to reduce mortality rates, the benefits must be weighed against the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, which can lead to significant physical and psychological harm. Policy implications are significant, with recommendations advocating for more targeted screening approaches that consider individual risk factors and incorporate advanced diagnostic tools to refine screening accuracy. The review suggests that future screening strategies should aim to optimize the balance between detecting clinically significant cancers and minimizing the detection and treatment of indolent tumors. In sum, while prostate cancer screening holds promise for reducing disease-specific mortality, a nuanced approach is required to ensure that screening protocols are both effective and equitable. Tailoring screening recommendations to individual risk profiles and enhancing patient education on the potential risks and benefits are crucial steps toward achieving this goal.